SEarch, Find, GET Information

XL internet unlimited hanya 100 ribu

2010-04-09T00:43:00.000-07:00

• Sementara hanya di Jakarta, koneksi dengan GPRS-EDGE-3G serta HSDPA

Kartu Perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar

Kartu Perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar merupakan layanan akses Internet berkecepatan tinggi yang bisa digunakan sepuasnya (unlimited) selama periode waktu tertentu (30 hari sejak diaktifkan), dengan memanfaatkan ketersediaan jaringan berteknologi GPRS-EDGE-3G-serta HSDPA dari XL. Dengan teknologi ini, memungkinkan pelanggan untuk melakukan akses internet dimana saja, kapan saja (anywhere, anytime).

Kartu Perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar ini bisa langsung digunakan dan sangat simpel, serta murah biaya penggunaannya. Pelanggan cukup mengaktifkan kartu perdana, dan bisa langsung menikmati aktifitas email, browsing, dan chatting sepuasnya.

Pelanggan dapat menikmati layanan akses XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar dengan secara nyaman, selama pelanggan berada di kawasan Kelapa Gading, Cibubur, Pondok Indah, Bintaro, Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) serta Karawaci.

Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar juga dapat dinikmati oleh pelanggan di berbagi area lainnya di Indonesia, selama masih berada di dalam cakupan jaringan XL

Informasi selengkapnya mengenai lokasi-lokasi yang dapat digunakan oleh pelanggan untuk mengakses Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar khususnya dengan jaringan 3G, dapat dilihat di www.nyambungterus.com

Perangkat Yang Disiapkan/Dibutuhkan

Perangkat yang harus disiapkan oleh pelanggan untuk menggunakan Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar adalah :

Perangkat modem 3G/HSDPA ( USB/PCMCIA model) atau handset/ponsel yang memiliki kemampuan akses data 3G
CD Driver modem, bila modem yang dimiliki tidak memiliki kemampuan/fasilitas instalasi otomatis (auto-install).
Perangkat Notebook/PC
Bila Notebook/PC anda sudah terpasang aplikasi modem 3G/HSDPA, maka anda bisa langsung mulai menggunakan layanan Internet Unlimited XL Prabayar.
Melakukan instalasi modem 3G/HSDPA sesuai dengan petunjuk/tata cara penggunaan yang ada di buku petunjuk modem.

Ketentuan Masa Aktif

Masa aktif kartu perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar adalah selama 30 hari sejak pertama kali diaktifkan

Terhitung 30 hari sejak diaktifkan, maka Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar tidak dapat digunakan dan akan memasuki masa tenggang kartu selama 30 hari.

Ketentuan Masa Aktif Layanan

Masa Aktif Kartu: Merupakan periode kartu aktif, dimana kartu dapat digunakan untuk menikmati layanan-layanan yang disediakan oleh XL

Masa Aktif Kartu Perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar: Merupakan periode dimana kartu perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar dapat digunakan.

Masa Tenggang: Merupakan periode dimana kartu perdana Layanan XL Internet Unlimited Prabayar anda sudah tidak dapat digunakan.Masa tenggang berlaku selama 30 hari sejak masa aktif kartu berakhir.Untuk menggunakan kembali kartu SIM anda, maka anda harus melakukan isi ulang (reload).

Layanan XL Internet Unlimited 30 hari, diterapkan fitur Fair Usage Policy. Kecepatan Sampai dengan 256 Kbps. Kecepatan akan diturunkan sampai 64 Kbps pada waktu volume mencapai 2000 MB. Untuk informasi selengkapnya dapat dilihat di www.nyambungterus.com

obengware

Tukar Link

2010-03-15T14:28:00.001-07:00

Untuk tukar link, silakan teman letakkan link blog ini ke blog atau weblog anda dengan format:

alamat : http://sefget.blogspot.com
dengan nama SEFGET

Setelah itu, anda isi konfirmasi pada bagian comment dengan menuliskan alamat blog/ webblog beserta nama yang akan dimuat pada bagian tukeran link nanti. Nanti blog/webblog anda akan saya cantumkan pada bagian partner links. Terima kasih semua. (Inside)

Parnter Links:

* Lifestyle SEO Blogger

Pasang meta tag keyword pada blog

2010-03-13T07:23:00.000-08:00

Memasang meta tag keyword pada blog ternyata tidak sesulit yang dibayangkan. Sekarang sudah disediakan keyword suggestion oleh mbah google pada Google Keyword
. Di sana kita bisa memperoleh keyword yang tepat untuk blog kita. Mudah bukan? Dan tidak perlu susah-susah untuk membuat keyword sendiri untuk website atau blog kita.

Saya akan jelaskan bagaimana untuk memasang keyword pada blog.
Pertama.
Login terlebih dulu (blogger, wordpress) untuk mengedit blog.

Kedua.
Letakkan script meta tag dibawah ini dibawah kode

deskripsi blog penjelasan tentang blog anda. Contoh: "tutorial membuat blog untuk blogger". Usahakan kalimatnya tidak lebih dari 150 karakter

keyword atau kata kunci blog: isi dengan keyword atau kata kunci yang berhubungan dengan blog anda. Contoh: "blogger tips, blogger tutorial, tutorial blog". Usahakan untuk tidak mengulangi 1 kata lebih dari 3 kali dan tidak mengisi kata kunci yang tidak relevan dengan isi blog anda. Misalnya blog anda berisi tentang travel lalu anda memberi keyword "free download, foto bugil, video porno" yang merupakan keyword populer di internet. Karena hal ini akan dianggap spamming.

index follow: berarti meminta spider untuk mengindeks atau menelusuri link yang ada pada halaman blog. Jika anda tidak ingin spider untuk mengindeks link pada halaman blog anda. Gunakan perintah "noindex nofollow".

Ketiga.
Jika sudah, simpan dan publikasikan blog anda.

Selamat memasang keyword pada blog anda. Dan blog anda semakin akrab dengan mbah google.

Tips menulis novel

2010-03-12T08:00:00.000-08:00

Saya tidak akan membahas secara teknik penulisan yang mudah dalam membuat novel karena saya sendiri bukan atau bisa dibilang juga tidak ngerti dengan EYD atau bagaimana menulis yang baik. Langsung saja ini tips dari saya buat kalian yang ingin bisa membuat novel (bukan tips membuat novel yang langsung terkenal) :

1. Menulislah untuk orang yang kalian sayang, misalkan orang tua atau pacar atau sahabat kalian. Seperti yang saya bilang tadi jangan menulis untuk penerbit karena karya yang hebat itu terlahir dari sebuah niat tulus dari pembuatnya, contohnya Laskar pelangi yang awal niatnya hanya untuk hadiah gurunya, malah menjadi buming seperti sekarang. Sebenarnya intinya bukan itu sih, ketika kita membuat karya untuk orang yang kita sayangi maka kita akan memiliki sebuah power tambahan untuk bisa menyelesaikan karya novel kita, karena membuat novel itu butuh kesabaran, komitmen menyelesaikan dan terus berpikir kreatif untuk menemukan ide-ide baru sehingga novel yang kita buat nantinya bisa baik.

2. Tulislah apa yang ada dipikiran kalian, jangan memikirkan apakah ide yang muncul di kepala itu bagus atau tidak. Kalau ada ide langsung tulis, baru kalau sudah selesai cerita yang kita buat, kita lakukan revisi dan pengeditan.

3. Tetap komitmen untuk menyelesaikan novel kita. Jujur pengalaman saya membuat novel pendek sepanjang 130 halaman butuh waktu empat bulan dan pada bulan pertama novel yang saya buat terhapus dari laptop dan parahnya lagi data filenya tidak bisa direcovery akhirnya buat lagi dari awal. Karena saat itu saya membuat novel itu untuk hadiah cewek yang saya suka jadi mau gak mau harus diselesaikan. Singkat cerita novel itu jadi.

4. Nah setelah cerita novel yang kita buat jadi lalu apakah harus berhenti begitu saja? Banyak penulis pemula yang setelah menyelesaikan novelnya berhenti pada tahap ini, sebenarnya hal ini adalah sebuah kesalahan. Kenapa?

Setelah selesai menulis pasti berencana untuk menerbitkannya. lalu karya itu dikirim ke penerbit dan parahnya novel ditolak lalu kecewa dan membuat novel lagi! Oya setelah selesai menulis sebaiknya kalian jadikan novel yang kalian tulis ini menjadi sebuah buku, maksudnya? Jadikan benar-benar buku seperti novel yang dijual di toko dan kalian harus membuat sendiri mulai dari desain covernya, ngeprint dan kalau jilidnya minta tolong ke tukang fotokopi biar bagus. Apa gunanya? Kalau boleh saya bilang itu sangat berguna menjadikan novel yang kita tulis menjadi sebuah buku. Banyak yang putus asa membuat novel karena mereka tidak mendapatkan hasil yang nyata. Ketika kita menjadikan novel yang kita buat dalam sebuah buku kita akan merasakan sebuah hasil yang nyata dan terlihat walaupun masih belum bisa lolos seleksi penerbit. Kita akan memiliki kumpulan novel-novel kitayang tersimpan rapi dirak buku dan akan membuat kita bangga dan percaya diri untuk menulis lagi dan ketika kita bisa menyelesaikan satu tulisan maka kemampuan kita akan bertambah dan karya yang tercipta selanjutnya akan lebih sempurna lagi.

Semoga bermanfaa tips membuat novel ini.Tips ini sebenarnya pengalaman saya dalam membuat novel untuk pertama kalinya. Kalian bisa buktikan tips ini karena saya adalah orang yang belum pernah membaca novel orang sampai selesai dan paling tidak kuat untuk membaca mampun membuat novel, ya meskipun belum bisa diterbitin tapi kata teman saya yang suka baca novel, novel yang saya buat itu cukup bagus dan membingungkan.

[sunitng : http://www.arumitasakurajuni.com]

Che Guevara

2010-03-10T13:34:00.000-08:00

Ernesto Guevara Lynch de La Serna (Rosario, Argentina, June 14, 1928 - Bolivia, October 9, 1967) is the Argentine Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla leader.

Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina, from mixed-blood families Irish, Basque and Spanish. Date of birth written on the birth certificate of June 14, 1928, but the truth is May 14, 1928.

Childhood
Since the age of two years of Che Guevara suffered asthma all his life. Therefore, the family moved to the drier regions, namely regions of Alta Gracia (Cordoba) where his health did not improve. Primary education at home, mostly from his mother, Celia de la Serna. At such a young age, Che Guevara has become a voracious reader. He diligently read the literature about Karl Marx, Engels and Sigmund Freud in his father's library. Entering high school's first (1941) at the Colegio Nacional Dean Funes (Cordoba). At this school he became the best in the field of literature and sports. At home, Che Guevara moved by the Spanish civil war refugees, also by a series of severe political crisis in Argentina. This crisis culminated in the bottom left fascist dictatorship, Juan Peron, a man who opposed Guevara. Various events inculcated in Guevara, he saw an insult in the dilakonkan pantomime of parliamentary democracy. Then came also the hatred of military politicians and the capitalists, and especially to the United States dollar, which is regarded as a symbol of capitalism.

Yet he did not participate in the revolutionary student movement. He showed little interest in politics at the University of Buenos Aires, (1947), where he studied medicine. At first he was only interested in deepening the disease itself, but then he was interested in leprosy.

Traveling by motorcycle Argentina
In 1949 he began his first long journey, exploring northern Argentina on motorcycles only. It was the first time coming into contact with the poor and the rest of the Indian tribes. In 1951, after taking the test mid-semester exams Che traveled a longer accompanied by a friend and for living his life he worked as a part-time workers. He visited South America, Chile where he met Salvador Allende, and in Peru he collaborated for several weeks in Leprasorium San Pablo, in Colombia when he arrived at La Violencia, in Venezuela, he was arrested but released again, and he also visited Miami. Che Guevara recounts his journey in a diary which was later published in a book with the title Motorcycle Diaries (The Motorcycle Diaries), which was translated into English in 1996 and then filmed with the same title in 2004.

Che Guevara Travel
He returned home with a unanimous belief of the one thing that he did not want to be a professional middle class because of his expertise as a skin specialist. Then during the national revolution he went to La Paz, Bolivia where he was accused of being an opportunist. From there he went to Guatemala, earning his living by writing articles about the archaeological ruins of Mayan and Inca Indians. Guatemala was ruled by President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman is a socialist. Although Che has become adherent to understand Marxism and Lenin experts he refused to join the Communist Party. This meant losing the chance to be a government medical workers, therefore he became poor. He lived with Hilda Gadea, adherents of Indian Marxist political education. This person who introduced him to Nico Lopez, one of Fidel Castro's lieutenants. In Guatemala he saw the CIA agent working as an agent of counterrevolution and more convinced that the revolution could only be armed insurrection. When President Arbenz out of office, Guevara moved to Mexico City (September 1954) and worked at the General Hospital, followed by Hilda Gadea and Nico Lopez. Guevara met and marveled at the Raúl Castro and Fidel Castro, then political emigres, and he realized that Fidel was the leader he was seeking.

Joining with Fidel Castro in Cuba
He joined Castro's followers in farmhouses where the Cuban revolutionary guerrilla warfare trained rigorously and professionally by the Spanish Republican army captain Alberto Bayo, an author of "Ciento cincuenta Preguntas a un guerilleo" (One hundred and fifty questions to a guerrilla fighter) in Havana, 1959. Bayo is not only teaching but also his personal experience of Mao Tse-tung and Che (in Italian means a roommate and close friend) became his favorite disciple and a leader in the classroom. War exercises at the farm to the local police suspicious and Che and the Cuban people were arrested but released a month later.

In June 1956 when they invaded Cuba, Che went with them, initially as a doctor but later as commander Barbutos revolutionary army. He is the most aggressive and smart and most successful of the guerrilla and the most earnest in giving the teachings of Lenin to his men. He was also a ruthless disciplinarian who did not hesitate to shoot people in the arena of careless and this time he gained a reputation for cold-blooded cruelty in the mass executions of supporters of the defeated president Batista. At the time of the revolution was won, Guevara is the second person after Fidel Castro in Cuba's new government and was responsible for pushing Castro into the communist communism toward freedom is not orthodox, Moscow-style communism of some of their colleagues. Che organized and directed the Instituto Nacional de la Reforma Agraria, which make up the contents of agrarian law confiscating the lands owned by the feudal lords (the landlord), founded the Department of Industry and was appointed President of the National Bank of Cuba and the people evicted from the communist government and the postal strategic-post. He acted tough against two French economist who Marxist who asked for advice by Fidel Castro, and Che who want to act more slowly. Che also against the Soviet advisers. He brought the Cuban economy so fast into total Communism, into crop and production diversification, that he temporarily ruined it.

Marriage Che Guevara
In 1959, married Aledia Guevara March, and both visited Egypt, India, Japan, Indonesia, which was also present at the Asian-African Conference, Pakistan and Yugoslavia. Back in Cuba, he was appointed Minister of Industry, signed a trade pact (February 1960) with the Soviet Union, which freed the Cuban sugar industry from dependence on the U.S. market. This is a signal to his failure in the Congo and Bolivia, an axiom would be a mistake that would not inevitable. "It is not necessary to wait until the conditions for revolution exist: the instructional focus can create" 'And, with Mao Tse-tung, he believed that the countryside must bring the revolution to the town in predominately peasant countries. Also at this time he spread the communist philosophy (later published in "The Socialism and Man in Cuba", March 12, 1965). He summarizes pahamnya become "Man can indeed achieve the perfect level of humanity when he produces without being compelled by physical needs, so he must sell himself as a commodity".

Confrontation with the Soviet Union
The official opposition to the communist Soviet Union appeared as the Organization for Afro-Asian Solidarity at Algiers (February 1965) accused the Soviet Union as an imperialist stooge by trading not only with state-communist bloc countries and provides assistance to developing countries of the socialist thought of return. He also attacked the Soviet government for its policy of coexistence and for Revisionism. Three conferences Guevara continent to realize the program of revolutionary, insurrectionary, guerrilla cooperation in Africa, Asia and South America. In addition, after the forced contact with the United States, he was as Cuba's representative at the UN to attack the countries of North America for their greedy and merciless imperialist activity in Latin America.

Che attitudes that do not compromise on the two capitalist and communist to forced Castro to drop him (1965, not officially, but in practice. For several months a secret and his death was widely rumored. He was in various African countries, notably the Congo where he surveying the possibilities of turning the Kinshasa rebellion into a Communist revolution by Cuban guerrilla tactics. He returned to Cuba to train volunteers for this project and send a force of 120 Cubans to the Congo. The men were fighting in earnest, but not so with the rebels Kinshasa. they were useless against the Belgian mercenaries and by autumn 1965 Che asked Castro to withdraw Cuban aid.

The death of Che Guevara
Che's final revolutionary adventure was in Bolivia, because he was one of the country's estimated that the potential disastrous consequences. Che was captured by Bolivian soldiers on October 8, 1967 is the end of all his efforts and shot a day after that.

On July 12, 1997 his remains were buried back with military ceremony in Santa Clara, in the province of Las Villas, where Guevara were victorious in the battle when the Cuban revolution.

Manjadi Che legend. He is remembered for keganasannya, romantic appearance, attractive style, his uncompromising and rejection of excessive respect for all the reforms and pure devotion to cruelty and flamboyant attitude. He is also an idol of the revolution and the youth of the year 1960-1970 for the actions of the revolution which seemed to millions of young people as the only hope of destroying the world of bourgeois industrial capitalism and communism.

Respect for the Che Guevara
Various literary figures, music and art compositions have been dedicated to Che Guevara. Chilean poet Pablo Neruda dedicated a poem to him Tristeza en la muerte de un Hero (Sorrow for the death of a hero) in his Fin del mundo (End of the world) in 1969. Uruguayan author Mario Benedetti published in 1967 a series of poems dedicated to him with the title A Ras del Sueno (In the dream). Carlos Puebla singer dedicated a song Hasta siempre comandante Che Guevara (For good commander Che Guevara) and Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Gallo Rojo (red rooster), which appears on the album El León (Lion) in 1991.

In the world of psychology

2010-03-10T13:30:00.000-08:00

In the world of psychology, ethics violations have become a classic problem. Disclosure psikodiagnostik tools, the courses "-test counseling psychology", the practice of psychology by non-psychologists, etc., is a small part of the myriad problems facing the mall practices by Himpsi. So even with Himpsi-dragging, trying to deal with the issue of Assembly rules and forms, etc. Psychology. But the result is still far from the expected.

With the spread of various psychological services and the ever increasing needs of the community will be psychology services, the mal-practice was more widespread and increasingly become-so. For example, a child who talks slow growth (late talker) were diagnosed with autism, and offered swimming with dolphins in Ancol to balance the left brain and right brain, his brain growth to become more perfect and his autism could be prevented. The doctors and psychologists do not understand the origin, this science. They him this knowledge come from America, brought by a Medical Doctor degree and greeted by a large hospital in Indonesia, in cooperation with the Taman Impian Jaya Ancol.

Around the year 1985, when the 1st grade junior high school, I attended a psycho is mandatory for all 1st grade students. In the psycho, there are some questions that I remember, among other things: "Where is Brazil?", "In Which Buenos Aires?", "Is the Vatican?". When my class 1 high school, around the year 1988, I met again the questions as the following mandatory psycho followed by all the 1st graders. A few years later, when I entered the Faculty of Psychology, I found the questions on one test when he followed a course that teaches a variety of tests. Currently, in the year 2005, I still find these questions on a number of psychological tests conducted yan in a number of schools and other institutions. For me, it's a sad irony, the people who use it as a test assumes that the time had frozen. Sadder people who do test it, they stuck by the humanity of questions that are considered able to measure their abilities, but it is the same question over a period of 20 years.

This fact leads us to a number of questions. How the questions that still have valliditas to measure a person's ability? How do the people who cultivate the psychological development of the world can menafikkan?. Pope's funeral live, Maradona, soccer stars from Brazil and Argentina; even telenovela are things that clearly would change the validity of the questions. Then, how accountability that results from the test?. And we know that not infrequently determine psycho "fate" someone. In the world of work, one can not be accepted, transferred or even expelled from the psycho. A student can be considered stupid, retarded, and various other labels, because the results of psycho.

The validity of the results could be even more psycho worse if we take into account already published so many books that give instructions on how to answer the psycho. While we are also beginning to question the validity of counting skills-based tools found on the Pauli test, Kraeplin [and which are partly also on some IQ tests]; when the popping public courses such as the abacus and Mental Arithmetic. Psycho himself, before coming to all these problems, still have internal problems related to adaptation to the culture of Indonesia. Some of the tools that are used as a psycho, still have cultural biases. The tools that use pictures as TAT, for example, some use the background situation (buildings, clothes, scenery) alien to Indonesia.
Truth

Ironically, psycho, still the idol in a number of institutions. Equivalent educational institutions and secondary schools are always doing psycho to "categorize" their students abilities. Recently, I heard that the kindergarten-level education was made for the reception of students psycho. We also see that companies are still using psycho to receive, memutasi or lay off employees. In fact, when I wrote this article, there was news that the local chief elections (elections) are also used psycho as one of the stages to go through the prospective head region. With so many weaknesses in terms of validity, it is still well placed psycho as the "truth" in many ways. A truth that becomes the reference point for decision in fate and assessment of human abilities. Furthermore, this truth can also mentaksonomi humans, placing it in the hierarchy of qualities that will determine the fate and life.

At some point; psycho makes people no more than just numbers. Humans lose the uniqueness of self, all the advantages that only owned by him as a unique person [and only one in the world] will be lost by the criterion of psycho. Humans have been included in the uniform that makes no more than the crowd; even, to some extent humans ensnared in the power network. Fate, under the authority of others who have a certain capital. His humanity is determined by the psychological interpretation made by certain people who have a license. I repeat again, "licensed"; does not equal ability. Having a license, does not necessarily have the ability, but in a "psycho discourse" between "licensed" and "have the ability to" ditumpangtindihkan often. Furthermore, ownership of the license itself, has become part of the licensing authority can only be issued by a particular apparatus.

License to interpret and determine the fate of these people, can only be obtained when a psychology degree followed the profession of education held by some faculty of Psychology. For 1992 and previous generation, this license can be obtained through diagnostic training conducted by professional organizations, in this case Himpsi. To this end, programs and Himpsi psychology profession, is the 'apparatus' which has the power to legitimize the psycho truth through education that will produce the licenses that are exchanged with the right to interpret psycho. Whatever the outcome, if the psycho has interpreted those who hold a license, will be placed as the truth. Finally, in the discourse of psycho, psychology becomes nothing more than science is contextual rather than textual in nature. In particular side, psychology has jaut into the form of 'guild' is only operating the test equipment.

This is what Pierre Bourdieu described as a power that operates through symbolic capital. The numbers in psycho into symbolic capital. Licenses to use the tools psycho is symbolic capital. Psychology degree is symbolic capital. Membership is Himpsi symbolic capital. Capital is useful to dominate other people, legitimize and establish his own position. In the discussion of Bourdieu, in fact noted the fact that the power to operate and hide themselves through culture. In this context, we look at the power that operate in "academic culture". Dominated group is a collection of individuals who take it for granted (taken-for-granted) to the constructions offered by pendominasi group. In order dominated group takes for granted, it must have dominated the capital that could legitimize its dominance through the moral and intellectual conquest dominated groups. Capital is the things that in a culture which is believed important.

In the psycho, man becomes nothing more than numbers. The fate of people and how that person described is determined by the number he had. While the discourse of education, we find also that the education system was human meredusir limited numbers. Figures can be categorized to make people stupid, smart, champions, rankings, cum laude, summa cum laude, model, etc.. Many people take it for granted that he was stupid just to benchmark figure. People so do not recognize yourself and all the uniqueness that is owned. Instead, they are by the numbers named exellent creatures, takes for granted without ever reflecting the feasibility himself. Situations like this become the starting point of power operation.

Psycho is believed to be the truth this is exactly what is described by Jacques Lacan as a baby who saw saw herself in the mirror (image), he thought that it was him. But actually no, that's just image. But others (the mother) ensure that the image in the mirror is himself. This self-identification is misrecognition, when the baby see her reflection in the mirror, he thought that the shadow (image) it is her. Thus Lacan argued that ego or self or "I" dentity is fantasy, because the identification process from external rather than internal image. Such it is with people who believe in psycho-test results. At this point, people are falling into the pool imagery and alienated from himself. He took just one image attached to him and let herself under the authority of other people who determine the "normality" itself, its feasibility to be accepted as members of a community.

Power

Foucault says that "power menormalisir" not only executed in prison, but also operates through social mechanisms established to ensure the health, knowledge, and prosperity. Power in Foucault's view is channeled through the social relationships that produce other forms of categorization behavior as good or bad, in an effort to control behavior. Social relations that produce subjective understanding of the complexity of behavior that were presented as a form of restriction. Thus, people become eligible for the subdued not by way of control is direct and physical, but through the discourse and the mechanisms, procedures, rules, procedures and so on.

Foucault analyzes the links between power, knowledge, and growing discourse on rationality-based explanation of the establishment; the present progressive and has many believed; so memfungsikannya as a uniform normalization. We can see this on so many people who believe just psycho. This makes intrepretasi-psychological interpretation for granted as an explanation for one's ability. At this point, people are forced to be on the uniformity of assessment criterion has dimapankan as explanatory of human qualities. This explanation establishment which later became the framework of rational-placed as the empirical basis of all truth and knowledge. Hegemony explanation placed on rationality and this diinstitusi; memarjinalisasi other discourses as well as create and validate a network of social forces with the advanced nature of normative discipline and restrictions only on individual thinking mikrolevel domains.

Results psycho, borrow a phrase from Jorge Luis Borges, more functions as a map that precedes the area (map a territory) than the area which is used to create maps (a map of the territory). People will tend to affirm and treat others based on the results of psycho. Moreover, the psycho, most of it unknown to the person tested. The results of the psycho, mostly held by HRD or guidance counselor. In this way we put the psycho Foucault and its use as a discourse; this means not only psycho that contains a series of words or propositions in the text, but also something that produces something else (an idea, concept, or effects). More contextual, we can put the psycho in a discourse that can be detected; as systematically, an idea, opinion, concepts, and worldviews are formed in a specific context that affects how certain thinking and acting. Psycho, not separated from the discourse of social science; in which psychology as one of the branches, forming a concept of human mentaksonomi in various categories. Diatasnamakan truth claims of science, a psycho turned into instruments of power, especially when people often believe that only the taxonomy that emerged from this device.

Taxonomy of "the human-ness" is more of an effort to control human beings. In the nature of his absurd and changing, humans are entities that are difficult to master, but when he was included in a definition of permanent (fixed definition), then the people will more easily controlled. Psycho is one fixed definition that can be used by the various parties to control the other party. Psycho empowerment in creating a fixed definition could not be separated from the legitimacy of science-apparatus and its apparatus. Psycho, through the organization of professional psychology programs by the universities, has been placed as the absolute truth. Science, at this point has been changed to the dogmatism, because people take it for granted, without giving further cermatan psycho results. Interconnections between power and knowledge Foucault marked with a forward slash (/) is placed between the power (power) and Knowledge (knowledge).

Missing humanity

Foucault explains that we disosialisasi into the set of discursive practices that form the structure of meaning. But this is not a permanent structure or can not be altered. Humans are agents that mediate this structure. Thus the continuity of this structure is highly dependent on how the human acceptance. In connection with the psycho, the more we accept and place the result as a truth, then we will be more terkuasai by the structure. Furthermore, we will increasingly estranged from our humanity.

Establishment Psikotes as truth, is not separated from the culture and ideology that developed in the community. Psycho, may have become part of popular culture that symbolizes modernity. An ideology in the world of human resources held by the people who need false justification in his decision. At this point, I was reminded of Antonio Gramsci to explain that culture and ideology create meaning but this meaning is constantly struggled over the structure mediated by the human as an agent. This is further explained in the concept of hegemony, in which human tertaklukkan morally and intellectually because of the various propositions that are not critically examined. People believe that they are a psychologist or a master's degree in psychology, is the "experts" who can interpret the precise humanity of others. We may forget that our humanity will never be interpreted or ditaksonomi. Humans actually grow in uncertainty, because the uncertainty was conceived expectations.

Jacques Derrida explains that the meaning was never settled, he is constantly changing. The meaning depends on human beings as agents who operate them. Similarly, the psycho, he's not a human interpretation will settle. Pemaknaannya would be dependent association with various other things that are also constantly changing (synchronous) and the changes that occur throughout the span of time (diachronic). Psycho is one of the search efforts through the process of interpretation. Unfortunately, in its development, the crowd set as the reference price or the meaning that death is permanent. Psycho even turned into stigmatization as found in the psychological interpretation which states that a person deviates.

Human beings are entities that have a meaning never settled. He lived in absurdity and self-searching movement, it is precisely in this absurdity and the human quest to find humanity. Let people grow in absurdity, like Sisyphus who just found his happiness when he was punished by the gods to continuously push a boulder to the top of the mountain; and over again as each reached the top of the rock rolled back down. Sisyphus mute all the happiness lies in this process, because then his fate was hers. The stone was the object. Similarly absurd man, when he was contemplating life with all the uncertainties of life and responsibility conferred on the talents of the universe to him, he was capable to make all [the statue] silent psycho idol.

This paper does not want to discredit psycho or the parties who use or operate it. Not too humble to those who have a license to interpret, because I know some of them are reliable and competent. This essential that I wish to make is how we look at things beyond the psycho and its implications. How do you receive and how much you believe in psycho, everything remains the free choice of you as a human being.
How cermatan you?

Source: psikologi_transformatif@yahoogroups.com

Architecture in Everyday Life: Tradition vs. Modernity

2010-03-10T13:29:00.000-08:00

Niken Palupi

Architecture has a close connection with the local tradition. But in the modern era of globalization, the architecture has undergone a change and find his new style as a result of technological, bureaucratic, political and economic power. Modern architecture and is identical to the developers, business, monopoly, and politician. Questions that often arise during this time is whether we are daily arising from modernity is now a kind of "life" that is all we need, or whether modernity is really just an opposition of our daily life that has long terkukung by tradition? And then whether it's a tradition we must continue to maintain?

According to Halley (1997), there are two versions of the daily life of modern society today, the first is the aesthetic experience related to democratic values. Its features such as the American architecture, the use of public spaces such as parks and roads are controlled by the ruling party. Society does not use more public space to gather with people who do not know each other, because the symbol of these public spaces has been introduced into the private life, for example, pool halls and parks. In the first version was more self-reliant communities and the technology is not used to luxury. While the second version is the importance of class identity or the powerful ruling class, the generation that produces entertainment and luxury goods. An example is the development of a more American emphasis on office blocks and luxury housing on Fifth Avenue and Newport (Halley, 1997). Both these areas are part of the most elite areas in the United States.

But on the other hand, modern architecture can not lift the human needs as a user, as well as local values or traditions on public because, according to Stern (2003), modern architecture is more concerned with form or shape, and global values. In this case, subjectivity in architecture is very less, as a result of rationalization. Architecture should be more interested in how the body will react, how the architecture can provide comfort and satisfaction for the user's body, where sight, touch, hearing, and smell into the factors that are important, and how architecture can become a place that can accommodate the basic needs users.

The tradition is closely related to everyday life in society. Architecture in everyday life or the architecture of the everyday itself can be interpreted as the familiar architecture or general, not necessarily great, but it can give real meaning to the owner. But if we look at the life of modern society dominated by economic forces or capitalism, the definition of the architecture of everyday life will be difficult to be realized because of the nature of modernity and tradition are conflicting with each other.

According to Le Corbusier (in Darling, 2000), the modern era or the era of the 20th century is the era of the machine or machine age where technology, industry, and mass production is very dominating. This era is the era of internationalism, mass communication, mass democracy, and science.

The pattern of life and traditions of modern society unfettered by economic demands. This can be seen from the daily routine of a highly repetitive, where they have to work every day and always busy. With such a pattern is created individualist society. Of the individualistic nature of the community activities will be separated and are always isolated by the wall or walls of the building as their boundaries, so that all the activities tend to be indoors. As stated by Lefebvre (in McLeod, 1997: 21): "He believed that revolutionary change was a slower and more comprehensive process, less theatrical and individualistic, a more necessiting Historically grounded engagement with everyday life". And as stated by Lofland (1985: 70): "While retail buying and selling remains very much a public activity, it has largely been moved indoors, Off The Streets and walk ways. Certainly much if this movement is due to technological innovations, economic pressures, and general realization of business, ... ".

Modern culture is mass culture, or pop-culture is claimed as a culture that is democratic transformation criticized by Adorno (2004) who argued that the artistic artistic modernism or modernism can be understood by few people (esoteric) compared with a global culture that is available to all guy.

There are several reasons for the formation of an instrumental from the culture industry or the culture industry, the social transformation that contributed to the need for complete freedom or freedom of integrals. These needs will menimbilkan radical transformation in society. Based on the history of Marxism, for example the integral progress of freedom is capitalism. Capitalism was the cause of global history or the formation of universal history. Another factor is that Western rationality that causes the formation of liberal capitalism thinking. In addition, the economic organization of modern capitalism in charge of production market where goods are not produced for human need but for the sake of profit and gain more capital.

Rationality ignores the particularity of attention to human feelings. Art of the mass culture of modernism is not necessarily bring happiness fully, but just an easy way to achieve happiness. It started from the power machines in producing human needs. Considered as a pleasure machine for humans, because it can work quickly and easily. Thus, the culture industry is only unversalitas or art that is homogeneous and is a fun easy and fast, equivalent to the pleasure and ease of producing labor.

Modern architecture is the result of modern thought, or the so-called modernism. The explanation that there is not glued to the idiom or style of modern architecture is more to discuss about the physical characteristics of the specific modern architecture. What is emphasized here thinking of modernism is affecting the birth and rise of modern architecture.

During the 20th century, all aspects of life is changing and growing. However, the architecture actually having a stagnant and fixed on the architecture of the 19th century and the debate will occur only where the historical architecture will be preserved. As stated by Le Corbusier, "in an unhappy state of retrogression" (in Darling, 2000).

Since then Le Corbusier had a mission to create a form of modern and revolutionary in the 20th century. Modernism in architecture or that can be called a New Architecture by Le Corbusier, is a product of engineering techniques and methods (engineering) as a form of inspiration from modern architecture. That is what he called "Engineer's Aesthetic" where there is simplicity and standardization of forms. Likewise, the logical method to design a more important function, not just a style or style. However, modern architecture also remained concerned the essential values of the architecture, namely the factors to be indicators of good architecture, that "the volume, surface, and plan".

Modernism ignore complications that can be found in primitive societies. Simplicity is upheld by modernism can now be found starting from the classification of areas in the city based on social classes and activities, to a more narrow scope, namely the concept design of a building. As stated by Lofland (1985: 74): "By the Eighteenth century, segregation by class neighborhood was already apparent, ... residential class homogenization intensified". An example is the residential upper middle class and lower class housing which is often found in modern cities. Then the area under a particular ethnic tergolongkan in big cities like China Town and the Indian town. Segregation is not only in terms of housing but also the separation of settlements in the area of civic center area, a clear separation between the street to a shopping mall.

Modernism is also closely related to capitalism, globalization, and totalitarianism, as stated by Deamer (1997: 198): "... The reaction against Modernization was not merely its link to capitalism and globalization, but in the aftermath of World War II, Totalitarianism as well ". Capitalism is seen from the government the power to create an urban planning, as stated by Lefebvre (in McLeod, 1997: 24): "The city was the locus of the most intense contradictions of capitalism: ... of which government urban planning was one of its clearest Manifestations; ... ".

Unlike the situation in the era before the era of modernism in which the pattern of community life is very diverse, ranging from housing, how to dress, how to eat and drink, and how his life. This diversity is due to lifestyle that are not under a system or bureaucracy as it did in the era of modernism today. Capitalism and the bureaucracy that is what makes city government uniform pattern, or in a more narrow scope of the pattern again, or even construction of housing construction. Thus the architecture of the modern era can be seen as mass production or mass marketed product.

But in the modern era like now was a contradiction arises between tradition and modernity. In the process of transmission of tradition from generation to generation always changes, so the tradition could not be preserved completely. Transmission process causes a change in people's interpretation of tradition with modernity finally called. According to Shils (1981), there is no significant change in the transmission process. There is a continuity or relationship resulting from a chain of generations, so the quality will remain the same.

However, if viewed from the radical contrast between tradition and modernity, the modernity that created it is a new tradition. It could be argued that because the changes are significant, not in accordance with the concept of transmission of a tradition as proposed by Shils (1981). In this case means that modernity has a tendency to reject tradition. Rejection is the result of public dissatisfaction against a pattern that has been inherited from previous generations. In addition, modernity can also occur from too much impact from global traditions through excessive information technology, so the culture is not the local culture but has become a global culture.

The contrast between tradition and modernity can be described through a series of attributes are conflicting as follows: permanent vs. change, routine vs. innovation, international vs. local, anonymous vs. identified, freedom vs. prejudice, myth vs. reason, and natural vs. artificial (Queysanne, 1989 ).

While the architecture of everyday life (Architecture of the Everyday) is the opposition of a monumental city and the vista fasade priority or whether the opposition of the global city of the financial areas and residential areas of luxury, with elements of the city which is connected by superhighways and the design is homogeneous, without considering the geographical aspect. Global city is often associated with monumental city that gave priority to residents and dignity visual appearance, depending on the planning and design based on power, technology, and especially with the increasing economic power of the irregular market, thus forming a dominant city and the center. Thus, if the architecture of everyday life of a city synonymous with marginal or rim?

With the global city as a condition of post-modern city, the power of modern society is only visible in the central city alone, while less visible force on marginal aspects such as domestic aspects. Thus, the development of the central city is more business development or entrepreneurial development. Thus, the central city into positive zone and the marginal cities into negative zone. Conversely, if viewed from the perspective of the inhabitants or dwellers, their houses (domestic zone) is the positive zone and areas outside the windows of their homes is a negative zone (Miles, 2000). Examples are housing inmates who prefer to live in sub-urban areas where they can feel more comfortable because of the condition of a large city that is always crowded and the center of all economic activity.

The problem was more complex than just the opposition between a city terbantuk of top-down planning with a more micro life, such as the street-life. First, the architecture of everyday life is the occupancy of space, is a dominant part of the city, office towers, a disturbing and menganeka ragamkan the dominant city experience. In a global city, grand architecture can be more humble or friendly with the use of buildings that can not be predicted or perceived building functions simultaneously and in a way contrary to the public that different. As with everyday life that can be seen more significant with the special events, such as the emergence of the flowers in a mall in London after the death of Princess Diana.

Second, if the architecture of everyday life is a vernacular architecture that is formed from the local variations, it will be difficult to define general characteristics. Architecture of everyday life beyond legality developed and semi-legality. Can also be seen as a process of improvisation, using whatever is considered easy. Examples are the kinds of characteristics such as the emergence of the hut or kiosk, shelter and small shops, these forms arise by a variety, both in town and not affluent. Architecture of everyday life is more non-incidental and production space with more emphasis on the ideas that arise from community residents. But in reality, people do not have the power and strength to play properly, namely to build their own cities.

Does not mean that the existence of professional designers, planners, and architects are not required. However, the architect profession is often the practice of purely technical nature and ignores the other aspects to participate. In the period of consumerism, there is a difference between "needs" and "will" result of commercial factors, mass media, and lifestyle that dreams are often promoted (Miles, 2000).

According to Corbusier (in Darling, 2000), is a marriage of modernity with traditional values that can make the design becomes a permanent revolution and the birth of modern architecture. Or in other words, "Architecture is stifled by custom. The styles are a lie, "which could mean that the architecture is more likely to culture or daily life style than the style or purely as a mask and do not represent the culture of society itself.

So the conclusion is actually happening clash between modernity and tradition? In my opinion, the answer is indeed clash between tradition and modernity because it turned out with the modernity and the tradition of modernism will increasingly disappear. However, today people still need the two things which contradict each other because they are still not fully able to leave a tradition. Modernism and modernity can go hand in hand with tradition but still modernism and modernity are destructive and disturbing the existing tradition.

Bibliography

Adorno, T. W. (2004). Introduction. In Bernstein, J. M. (Ed.), The Culture Industry. New York: Routledge.

Darling, E. (Ed.) (2000). Le Corbusier. London: Carlton Books.

Deamer, P. (1997). The Everyday and the Utopian. In Harris, S. and Berke, D. (Ed.), Architecture of the Everyday (p. 198). New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Halley, P. (1997). The Everyday Today: Experience and Ideology. In Harris, Steven and Berke, Deborah (Ed.), Architecture of the Everyday. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
McLeod, M. (1997). Henri Lefebvre's Critique of Everyday Life: An Introduction. In Harris, S. and Berke, D. (Ed.), Architecture of the Everyday. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Lofland, L. H. (1985). A World of Strangers, Order and Action in Urban Public Space. Illinois: Waveland Press.
Miles, M. (2000). The Uses of Decoration, Essays in the Architectural Everyday. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.

Shils, E. (1981). Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Stern, R. A. M. (2003). Urbanism is About Human Life. In Tschumi, B. and Cheng, I. (Ed.), The State of Architecture at the Beginning of the 21st Century,. New York: The Monecelli Press.

Queysanne, B. (1989). Tradition and Modernity in the Face of Time. Traditional Dwelling and Settlements Review, vol. I (1).

Architectural Ideal: In Between Two Pillars

2010-03-10T13:26:00.000-08:00

Armand Avianti

Architectural aesthetics of the late-twelfth-century states that the existence of space becomes the essence of architecture. In the early-twenty-second century, a certain artistic trends to understand the words of ancient wisdom from the East (Lao Tzu) that the mass is the servant of the void, eventually to the statutes will dematerialisasi (annihilation of matter) to the solidity of the masses. The unreal became reality, and in the real-in the form of material (Tzu, 1991: 5-6).
Although the above paragraph we see the superiority of the room in which, true also that architecture must ultimately manifest itself. Talking about the architecture will not be separated from their realization of the idea of a building. Talking about the ideal and best if placed in the framework of the process, and thereafter; which has the ideal shape to be appreciated and valued.
The question now, whether in arstitektur ideals could be realized? "Ideal" as an adjective (adjective) may refer to: 1) Being Relating to the optimal or the best option for something; 2) Being perfect, having no flaws or defects; 3) Being something that exists only in the mind; conceptual, ideational ; Mary W. Shelley: "Life and death appeared to me ideal bonds" (Wikipedia, 2007). In the mind, easy to formulate the ideal. On his way into being, taking shape, so that the essence of architecture can terindera, ideal and always stretched between two polar, trapped in the dichotomy of interests of different domain.

Utopian or compromise?
True, the architect has always been the leading consultant. But the architecture was never born from an architect's own hand only. He was always a product of a group of people; assignor or clients, architects, consultants from other disciplines - structural, mechanical electrical, landscaping, special lighting, etc., the contractor - from the ranks of supervisors to workers and porters, suppliers of materials, and much more. In the process menjadinya, will meet a variety of interests. Each has its own ideals, which are not always consistent with each other. Each aims to materialize the idea. If architecture is the realization embodied the ideal of all that, the existing condition would have been utopian. However, the imbalance of interest in it will make the other side, or even architectural 'sick'. The idea of who and what is more ideal? Which speaks louder?
Recently, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, demanding star architect, Frank Gehry, associated with design failure in the Stata Center. Building construction is completed in the spring of 2004 continue to experience this leaking, the problem with drainage, and problems with bumps on the outer walls. It is said that the snow and ice that accumulated on the window boxes and other areas on the roof were falling and endangering the user. In addition, snow and ice that fell as well close the emergency exit and cause damage.
The contractor, Beacon Skanska Construction Co.., Said Gehry ignored warnings from them that there are many weaknesses in the design. "This is not a construction issue, never has been," said Paul Hewins, executive Vice President and general manager of the area Skansa USA. Until now, the Gehry Partners has not responded to these demands.
Le Corbusier, the visionary architect chosen by Time as 1 of the 100 most influential figures in 20th century, did not escape from a similar struggle. The idea of the ideal city, in turn invited a lot of criticism and a fatal failure. Urbanism in his book, Le Corbusier said, "Modern town planning comes to birth with a new architecture. By the immense step in evolution, so brutal and so Overwhelming, we burn our bridges and break with the past. "He really believed his ideas. No more streets and the lively street side, there is no public square is bustling, no more messy living environment. Human beings will live in high buildings of hygiene, which as a whole is a key element in the garden city planning is very regular. Rational city will be divided and separated in the zones for working, living, and entertainment. Furthermore, all must be done on a large scale; large buildings, open spaces large, and the streets are too big.
In fact, wherever the idea was implemented - in Chandhigarh by Le Corbusier or in Brazil by his followers - the idea was to reap failure. Le Corbusier called the ideal city of La Ville Radieuse or city glow. In the United States, this shining city takes the form of renewal schemes and the giant city housing projects are very stiff, which really damages the city. Currently, such a mega project began stripped down, Superblock inserted row houses that directly intersect with the side of the road, the superimposed activity, not separated, into the life of the city. Revitalized residential area, both old and new. Cities finally learned that maintaining the history was far more sense than starting everything from scratch. An expensive lesson, which is inherited by Le Corbusier.
Some star architect was able to charm his client in a way that seemed to express the idea is a brilliant abstract art. Even if you find that his client did not understand what he's talking about, they will swallow the idea of the ideal of the architect, mesmerized and seduced by the vision of magnitude, or the ability to speak. The quotation below comes from an interview with Peter Eisenman. Try to chew.
"In Santiago my idea was to superpose a Cartesian grid onto the existing, organic, medieval 'grid' and warp or deform them with a topological grid that projects upward. This produces lines of force that were never a part of projective geometry. They mutate in the third dimension. This has a powerful impact on the ground surface. It is a way of dealing with the ground not as a single datum, not as a foundation, not as something stable. It disrupts its iconic value, turning it into an index. "(Eisenman)
He further added, "I do not do function".
Working with a strong architects need sparring partners who are also strong, so that in the process menjadinya, an ideal actually cooked with the right dose. Architect's not superman. Which is not ideal collision processes constantly going to be a utopian architecture, which must be paid later. Sustainable architecture is the architecture that make it 'loved'. For that, he had touched many people, working for many parties, not just to dream of the architect. Compromise? Yes.

The desire or need?
According to the story, one day Socrates stood stunned in front of a store that sells a variety of goods. When one asked why he hesitated, a philosopher who never wrote a single sentence that says, "How many objects do not need."
The idea of an ideal, a desire or need? Human needs are not a lot, and provide a fairly natural. Life is going to meet the needs of a life that has evolved. Desire sparked a revolution and all the progress (and setbacks) people who went wild: machinery, war, weapons, television, airplanes, lifestyle, space stations, satellites, nuclear power, communications and information technology, Wired and Unwired. Revolution. The need for more fundamental and - can be said - the universal. Desire, although it has thrust extraordinary, more personal and subjective.
How many people actually need? Involved in the practice of architecture is often stunning and makes us think even more about the needs and desires. How those two things are often not the form of two circles intersecting domains enough, but the fact is, not related, with indefinitive elastic range between the two.
I will share experiences in practice, wrestling with the wants and needs in three perspectives: Aesthetics, and Area Space Program, and Moral.

1. Aesthetics
Aesthetics: The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art and of artistic judgment (wikipedia address?). How to assess the aesthetic? And even if it can be assessed, is there a meter? Is not aesthetics would present itself if everything has been completed correctly? More fundamental question again, if the aesthetics of a need or desire alone?
Before Starbucks coffee packed into a single design strategy that makes the coffee and coffee culture as a way of life, certainly hard to sell a cup of coffee at a price of more than thirty thousand dollars. At the time of aesthetics add economic value of a commodity, anyone who does not need an aesthetic? Even Malaysia, a tourist attraction that is very minimal when compared to Indonesia which stretched from Sabang to Merauke, managed to attract 20 million tourists a year by 2006 (compared to Indonesia which is only 5 million tourist arrivals in the same year). This is due to Malaysia's expertise in packaging image becomes very esthetic country.
Bring together not only the aesthetic ideal place in the event of compromise between the architect with the other parties in the process manifest. First of all these ideals must first wrestle in the architect: the concept, breakthrough, creativity, kenekadan, plausibility, fees to be paid, compared the results to be achieved. Peace with oneself is of capital importance to wrestle at the next stage, because often the debate about the aesthetics is a debate about the style and quality is not finally be the event 'bargaining rickshaw'. Here are excerpts of personal experience that 'precious'.
Client: This is too minimalist. What the future will not be boring?
Me: I am not a minimalist design.
Client: Well, then what is it?
Me: I do not dare give a name.
Client: I think you still minimalist design.
I: Okay. You know better.
Client: How long teritisannya?
I: So as not tampias and more shade.
Client: It seems to be less modern. How about shortening?
I: The window will get tampiasan rain. Water will seep into the.
Client: Then create a window to die. Frameless. More modern is it?
Maybe I was not good at diplomacy.

2. Program and Area Space
'How much is enough enough? "Was the question posed by Adi Purnomo's Relativity in his book, which continually questioned the architect's position in the fantasy and reality. The question above is a lawsuit against the symptoms of growing volume of homes lived in Jakarta. My belief that I can learn first time, that business and luasannya space program is certainly proved wrong. Just as the aesthetic, he also is in the gray area, all relative.
Client: I want a karaoke room.
I: You must have hobbies singing, huh?
Client: None.
I:?
Client: But if I have a karaoke room, I would love to sing.
(How simple. If I have a PC, I'd love to write. If I have a car, I'll be a champion rally.)
Client: I want my home minitheater.
I: When was the last movie, sir?
Client: Lost. When are ya?
(Do not ask me, sir.)
Client: I want each bedroom is equipped with a bathroom.
I: Is not most, bu?
Client: Let me not fight. Repot it when the morning. Everything is going ahead.
I: It can not set the time?
Client:?
(My client was confused. Sharing, for some people, it is an impossibility.)
I am a great believer in the effectiveness of the Le Corbusier modulor system that uses the human body proportions as a basis to construct the geometry in architecture, to be asked again. Could this phenomenon that occurs just sheer chaos, or lest a new mathematical rules in this universe?

3. Moral
But architecture is not just a question of mere mathematics and engineering. Wants and needs are also clashed on the grounds of morality. If problems in the tread end, what then all the problems over? Maybe so for some the architect. Because many homes were occupied land to the brim, lined the walls themselves with a higher fence of his house, imprison him to be safe from the outside world. Never in the environment. The only physical contact with about a secelah through the gate, where in and out. Architect, again, must memekakan sense to measure how far the idea of the ideal to strive for.
I: If all my mother's room needs fulfilled, the entire footprint of the building will be closed.
Client: But I do not need the page. I need a room.
Me: But you will not have a catchment. Teresap not water the soil will cause flooding.
Client: My Land and elevated covering it. Let not flooded.
I: But the water will overflow into the neighborhood and into the street.
Client: Well, so what?
(Thinking about yourself, for some people, it has become a truth.)
Client: The room was too narrow.
I: I actually was enough. My room was deliberately created in order to place a thin cross sirculation air.
Client: Why should I? I do not want to pake ac in all rooms.
I: If you can not why should pake pake ac ac?
Client: But later nyamuknya entered.
I: Kan can pake screen.
Client: But the room is too narrow. And I will always pake ac.
I: electricity will wasteful.
Client: Biarin. I pay for this.
(Issue of global warming is very worrying, for some people, it is still fictional.)
I'm not going to make a conclusion. I'm just going to imitate someone that I admire. Jesus often makes comparisons to explain things (simple) which is often difficult to understand by his followers. So this is how I see the ideal architecture. He is a hot-air balloon that must be pulled down to be mounted. At that time, he must be willing to lose altitude, because only thus, he could be inhabited, fucked, and went beyond space and time. True architect is an architect who could keep the power of creativity and idealism of the stomach while the others are sensitive volunteers to take place in the basket, while keeping drinks loads to be loaded so that he can still fly.

Reference
Eisenman, Peter. Why Hiring a Star Architect Is not Always a Stellar Idea. In Arthur J. Lidsky. (Ed), The Chronicle of Higher Education. Campus Architecture.

Tzu, Lao. (1991). Space in Architecture. In Cornelis van de Ven (Ed), From Nothing Being There, (pp. 5-6), Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Architecture as an option

2010-03-10T13:24:00.000-08:00

Ramadana P.

Architecture is one option in response to spatial problems. When there is a problem of unemployment, the architecture can be a solution to create a way to find jobs. For example by creating a recreational park that provides a palm-palm empty as the place to make a living. Land can be used to open a shop or a motorcycle taxi stations are ready to take the people who were there.
Another example is the problem of the existence of a tragedy. The solution appears with a response that is needed is a feeling of remembering the tragedy that had to stay there. Architecture as a way appears to make a monument to a museum to commemorate it. That architecture emerged as a path taken to solve a problem.

So with everyday architecture. Everyday emerged as a theory and concepts to see phenomena that lebiih there and dug in to find meaning in it. Everyday see a place as a territory. Every person who is in it will feel different. They have a mapping of each will be the place. Like the pirate gang who know the exact route and location of prey at any time, so they can watch their prey without being noticed. Or also with the extreme sports lovers that assess a city with buildings tall as a forest full of trees that should they hit it pass without a parachute. Similarly with the street vendors who often sell at a place which was forbidden to sell. They even considered the land as a potential place to look for customers.

Everyday is not only emerged as a concept in society but also in the lives of every person in daily life. The concept of everyday is a quest into the lives of everyday people to know that is something that repeated and become something that was familiar. In each person will be any different things, such as the daily version of the all-army discipline and orderly with the daily version of the artists who look up kesantaiannya and versatile. Repetition in their daily lives that makes them harilah have berbada pattern seen from the concept everyday.
The concept that emerged from everyday phenomena in the society makes the solution of social problems can be answered with a form of architecture. The concept itself becomes the leading everyday in answering that question is through the analysis and theories that there is a provision in the search for solutions is important. For example by analyzing the pattern of vendors who many were on the roadside. From this analysis can be searched if that actually happened there, how the traders assess the land, and the value of domesticity any land occupied by each merchant. Thus we can analyze from the perspective of these vendors.

The analysis can also be performed to determine whether the parties agree that the others made a change, or do-not according to the others it is in fact not changed because of possible vendors, street vendors have become a characteristic of which is the icon of the place. Furthermore, in solving problems such considerations can be used as a reference in finding solutions. Then the formation of the architecture also adapts to the findings in the analysis. Thus the results of the architecture can be more useful for the more needy.

In the application, the concept became part of everyday design process. Starting from the excavation of issues that will be discussed, defining statement, projects and programs, until after it went into the architectural design is an application of the concepts earlier, including the form and aesthetic. Actually everyday concepts can walk alone without the continuation of unsurearsitekturnya but if the concept was walking alone everyday it can only become a social criticism only applied without any results. Arsitekur therefore needed to answer that and become a media application of the concept and analysis of the issues raised. These two things work together to solve mutual problems through concept and design completely.

Everyday architecture is an exposure that is very fundamental thing that is felt by many people and essential for humans. Answers from everyday architecture should be something that can enlighten the community as critical in addressing, analyzing and seeking the heart of any discussion in the community. While many other architectures put all things interesting and fun to look at, more everyday architecture is looking for something more important than all that. For example in the case of vendors who become an icon for a region but considered offending and should be eliminated because of damage to the beauty of the city. For the architectural beauty of the everyday problems become important not because it is actually more important is about street vendors who became the icon. Thus its presence would probably have to be maintained.

The answers from many everyday architecture is something contrary to the average existing architecture. Other architectures talking about something that ideally should occur and be something that should stand out. But for everyday architecture is the most important thing is the story behind it should be or maybe things are more complementary support felt by many people. All this becomes more important than how something should be seen by the public as something good. Thus, the responses from the everyday architecture should be more wear for many people because it raised the value of reality.

And displays the answers from the everyday architecture should be "light" for many people. Architecture addressing the loss of everyday things that should be the essence. As stated by Aaron Betsky & Erik Adigard:
Architecture must burn. It must be a flame that Shines out of the drabness of our daily existence. It must be a fire that transforms the materials of our lives. It must be our indifference explode, revealing the Unseen constructions that we take for granted (Betsky & Adigard, 2000:20).

An example is the city with buildings towering solid and gives the impression rigid and can not be changed. And in a city there is a need for more space situational and diversity of activities different. So the city buildings are buildings that should be plastic so that the impression to be easily changed, there are a variety of activities and conditions can change is realized. As the following statement:

we need to build such places not with stones and concrete, steel and wood, but with the plastic materials that can change at a moment's notice. We need to create temporary environments that make up complete stage-sets in which we can appear and see at least one version of the world making sense, if only for a moment. (Betsky & Adigard, 2000:15)

The quotation above criticizing the actual essence of urban spatial structure is a space that limits its use to be invisible so as not to be seen again that the real function of space. So that the space required can vary so as to change the function as well. Most of the existing architecture to name a place with objects that he made, so expect the place can be known by the object.

For example the construction of a modern city park in Menteng is expected to become an icon that makes the Menteng area famous for its gardens. But in fact the park can not be an icon. People are more familiar with the Menteng area of Subang his way with the most frightening haunted house in Jakarta. This proves that the public was not considered a place of the existing buildings, but there is more to the value of a story that supports the existence of these places. As Betsky & Adigard (2000: 73), "The image of place, or of an object, is no longer the static appearance of the thing but it's icon 'presence in the story that is built up around it and as we access it through the interface ".

From this side of the everyday architecture must be lit and put the essentials of truth. So the presence of architecture may be more meaningful than most there. "Architecture must be a beautiful fire, the hearth at the center of a world around which we gather to tell the stories that weave together our society" (Betsky & Adigard, 2000: 21).

The flame from the everyday architecture of the core is the concept of adjustment with the reality that happened. Terebut flame is actually a result of catch-catching phenomenon existing in the society then excavated and realized through the formation of architecture. Greater emphasis on the essence of which is to be appointed from a phenomenon.
When associated with aesthetics, aesthetics is more of a choice in architecture., How to get the shape and a good visual, it is an option in dealing with architectural issues. As written above, more emphasis on everyday concepts to search for phenomena in society and a story behind it. In the case of Menteng Park, the aesthetic value of the park Menteng became matches that do not matter anymore because there is another story which is the essence of the phenomenon exists. If visits to his needs with the architecture as a messenger, then the aesthetic value of the results of an architectural choices made to convey the message.

Flame everyday architecture with emphasis to the essence and the story behind the scenes did not really have a relationship with aesthetic value. Actually, the formation of aesthetics is a choice made in the architecture. Flame and glow from the everyday architecture of the application itself is expected to be felt as an honest sense of the essence, the story and the reality that there is of a phenomenon which can be blinding the eyes of the people with the feeling this as a fact. "Architecture must burn down the palace of pretensions and the lairs of laws into the essence of what it means to Be Human" (Betsky & Adigard, 2000: 137).

Reference
Betsky, A. & Adigard, E. (2000). Architecture Must Burn. London: Thames & Hudson.

Traditional Balinese architecture

2010-03-10T13:20:00.000-08:00

Traditional Balinese architecture can be interpreted as spatial structure of Balinese society containers that have been developed by generations with all the rules, inherited from antiquity, to the development of a form with physical characteristics that revealed the Asta Kosala rontal-Kosali, Asta Patali and others, until the adjustments by the undagi still aligned with the instructions referred to.

Traditional Balinese architecture as we know, have the basic concepts that affect the spatial values. The basic concept is:

The concept of hierarchy of space, Tri Loka or Tri Anga
Orientation concepts of cosmology, or the Nawa Sanga Sanga Mandala
The concept of balance cosmology, Manik Ring Cucupu
The concept of human proportion and scale
The concept of court, Open air
The concept of integrity of building materials
Tri Anga is the basic concept is closely connected with architecture planning, which is the origin of Tri Hita Kirana. The concept of dividing Angga Tri everything into three parts or zones:

Reptile (bottom, dirty, feet),
Madya (middle, neutral, body) and
Main (top, pure, head)
There are three axes that are used to guide the arrangement of buildings in Bali, the axes were among others:

Axis of the cosmos bhur, Bhuwah and swah (hidrosfir, litosfir and atmosphere)
Kangin-axis Kauh rituals (rising and setting sun)
Kaja natural axis-Kelod (mountains and sea)
Of these axes, the Balinese concept of orientation kosmologikal, Nawa Sanga Sanga or Mandala. Physical transformation of these concepts in architectural design, is a reference to the arrangement of a typical residential space in Bali

Residential Buildings

Dwelling on the people of Bali, arranged according to the concept of Tri Hita Karana. Orientation used to use the guidelines as above. North-east corner is a sacred place, used as a place of worship, Pamerajan (as the family temple). Instead south-west corner is the lowest point in the order-value home, is the direction into the dwelling.

At the entrance (angkul-angkul) there is a wall called a protective cover, which not only serves as a barrier to the view in (to provide privacy), but also used as a denial evil influences / ugly. In this section there are building JINENG (rice granary) and Paon (kitchen). There successive bale buildings sangah poles, bale sikepat / semanggen and Umah meten. Three buildings (pole bale sanga, sikepat bale, bale sekenam) is an open building.

Amidst residential there Natah (court garden) which is the center of the dwelling. Umah Meten to the head of the family slept, or girl. Umah meten a building has four walls, in accordance with the functions that require higher security than other rooms (where the important stuff & valuable).

Residential typical Balinese society, usually in the form of a barrier fence around the building / rooms above.

Outer Space Studies and Space in

Observing traditional Balinese homes, very different from the shelter in general. Balinese traditional single occupancy consists of several days surrounding an open space. Cluster period dilingkup by a wall / wall circumference. This compound walls that restrict the infinite nature into a space that by Yoshinobu Ashihara called outer space. So pages in a residential community in Bali is an outer space. Fence concept with periods in which to show the similarity between the concept of Bali with the concept of outer space in Japan. Fence concept that is not too high is also often used in an attempt to "borrow" elements of nature into the building.

Times like Uma meten, bale pole sanga, sikepat bale, bale sekenam, barns and Paon is the time for roofed buildings, has in the space. These periods have a strong element 3 of the elements forming the floor, walls and roof (on the pole sanga bale, bale or bale sikepat wall sekenam only 2-sided, is that having only four full walls uma meten).

The existence of order uma meten, sanga pole bale, bale bale sikepat and sekenam form a strong bond space once called Natah. This binding space itself is an outside room. Outer space as a very strong binding, this region in accordance with the nature of the diembannya, as the orientation center and the center of circulation.

At a certain moment Natah used as the living room while, at the time held traditional ceremonies, and functions as an exterior Natah changed, because at that time this area was closed roof of temporary / emergency. Natah changing nature of the 'outer space' to 'room in' because the presence of a third element (roof) this. Other space-forming element is of course the floor, and walls formed by the surrounding four times. Literally existing wall elements are elements of the bale wall pole sanga, sikepat and bale bale sekenam the furthest distance from the center Natah. If this situation occurs, it is very interesting, because the fourth period plus surrounding Natah (who became the living room) will be a major residential and complete as that found shelter now. All four plus Natah will be a 'living in' that 'one', by Paon and barns is a function of service and remain as pamerajan elevated areas. Pamerajan area is also a strong outer space, because the presence of a limiting wall elements.

Positive Space Study and Negative Space

As the only entrance to the residential, angkul-angkul serves as gateway recipients. Then people will be faced with a wall that blocks the view and dibelokan at nine-thirty degrees. The existence of this wall (protective cover), viewed from the position is a visual barrier, where the privaci of waking. The presence of this shelter, closed the opening caused by the entrance. Thus viewed from inside the dwelling, there is no infiltration and penetration of space. The existence of this shelter reinforce the positive nature of space caused by the wall around the so-called by the Balinese as penyengker. Space in penyengker, is the space where the resident activity. The presence and activities of human activities in space is called positive space. Penyengker is the boundary between the positive and negative space.

Judging from its position in the Nawa-sanga, "Natah" located in the middle-middle-ning, an area which is very "human". Especially when viewed from its function as an orientation center and the center of circulation, the Natah is positive space. In this Natah all human activities converge, such as what Ashihara analyzed as a centripetal order.

In pamerajan area, this area is surrounded by penyengker (mobile), so that this area has been given a "frame" to be a space with boundaries and walls and floors to 'space out' with the absence of a roof element as sana.Nilai positive space, is a resident of activities to do activities there.

Pamerajan or corrected, is the earliest buildings constructed, was the public and service buildings (Paon, barns and shelter) was built at the end.

This process shows the formation of a space-recurring positive; where positive space was first created (or corrected Pamerajan), the welcome is negative space. Then-negative space is given 'frame' to be a positive new-space. In this new positive space present times uma meten, bale pole sanga, pengijeng, sikepat bale, bale sekenam, barn, Paon and others. Activities and human activities occur in this new positive space.

Consistency and Consequences

Unlike in some other hemisphere, where a building (houses, places of worship) are under one roof, in Bali which is a residential building is a yard surrounded by a fence wall of bricks where the inside of the units or parts separate buildings, each of which has its own function. A dwelling in Bali, together with several other parts of the world which has functions such as a bed, a place to work, the cooking, a place to store goods (precious and food), which communicate, a place of prayer and others. Spaces, as an activity sample containers for sleep activities, in Bali is a building which stood on the other hand sendiri.Sedang is generally a sleeping room is part of a sleep bangunan.Ruang is part of the space inside or interior. Uma meten, sikepat Bale, Bale sekenam, Paon is the mass of the building that stands alone. According to Yoshinobu Ashihara-in space is the space under the roof, so that meten Uma and others are also in the room or outside the building interior.Ruang (Natah) is outside the room, because his presence is no roof. If parts of Bali Residential buildings assessed by the rules of 'Space in the outer-space', particularly also when the residential parts of Bali is seen as mass per mass of a stand-alone, it is the consequence if the center is the orientation of a dwelling outside space (Natah ) which is also the center of this space sirkulasi.Pada fact is the main part (that is 'human') from residential Bali.

When examined from the formulation of a dwelling, then the Natah is part of the main activities that have a proper shelter is part of the activity in the room or the interior. Then, when associated with the presence sikepat bale, bale and the bale sekenam sanga pole which only has a wall on each side of it, and the position of each wall of the 'open' to the Natah clear there was an adjoining room. A large space that unites uma meten bale on the one side and the pole sanga, sikepat bale, bale and Natah sekenam that as a dwelling. The same dwelling existing at the present, where the bale-bale is the bedroom, Natah is the gathering place that can be called a family room. When linked further, if the activities Paon (kitchen) can be equated with cooking and dining, the residential Bali, identical with teryata-residential dwelling in a residential flat shaped Westerners.

The study of residential Bali, when occupancy is viewed as a unified whole house, the consequences are penyengker in space (boundary wall) is the space-in. Residential buildings in Bali are not seen as a mass, but should be seen as a space in space. Especially if you look at the presence of the walls of the bale pole sanga, sikepat and sekenam bale of 'open' direction to enclose the space, then this situation strengthens presence in nuance or room interior in a traditional Balinese homes. In such conditions it is penyengker-space boundary between inner and outer space (rural roads). This turned out to have similarities with the pattern in Japan, which by Ashihara (1970) stated:

This study looks at the similarities in the nature of page-space in the interior of the dwelling or traditional Balinese architecture and traditional Japanese architecture. Although the residential Bali impression of more space and obviously felt occupancy compared with Japan.

This study is more interesting when related to the theory above Yoshinubo Ashihara; that outer space is the space that occurs with the natural limits of infinite (with boundary / fence etc) and also the outer space is the space where the third element of the space (ie the roof) does not there. On the other hand, the space is the opposite of outer space (where there are elements of a complete space of the base, walls and roof). So in the case of residential, Yoshinobu Ashihara theory was contradictory. Both the opposition between the living out of space-in associated with the occurrence and association with the base elements, the walls and roof.

'Everyday Life' as an Approach in Understanding Space

2010-03-10T13:18:00.000-08:00

Mariana Setya

For ordinary people, everyday words may be translated or interpreted into 'everyday' with the emergence of vocabulary-vocabulary such as 'every day', 'often', 'repetitive', 'routine', and others. In the world of philosophy, everyday is something more than just day-to-day. Everyday is a concept that was first posed by Henri Lefebvre, a French philosopher. Lefebvre says that: "The everyday life is the residue left over when all the specialized activities have been removed." (Wigglesworth & Till, 1998).

Although made by experts from the fields of philosophy, the concept is closely related to everyday understanding of architecture and urbanism, an understanding of space and social relations between the spatial happens in it. How humans behave in space, how people define a space, and others.

Discipline of architecture is not the only science-related learning and physical environment just woke up. Built architectural environment is closely related to the spatial'll never separated from the human aspect as a subject that will have space through movement and their senses function. This is where the interaction occurs. Interaction between man and fellow human beings, human beings with inanimate objects, people and nature, and so forth. This shows that in the space or in an environment that occurred up social relationships. With spatial relationships in an environment may be different awoke from that in other environments because it might wake elements spatial and social elements in each neighborhood has character and a different character.

Understanding the environment is to understand how social life and aspects of structured keruangannya in it. Human life as social beings and the spatial relation in the space or environment that will awaken the heart to be learned when a person or group of people trying to understand the space or environment that awakened.

The easiest way to see (capture) a space or environment is by looking up a map or looking up. However, this approach produces an understanding of space or environment less deep because we only see from one viewpoint only. We only saw without knowing the details and phenomena that occur in space or environment that woke up down there.

Thus required a more grounded approach, effective and representative in the understanding of a space or environment awake. The trick is to see the space or environment in the wake are of their own. We have to jump into it, because from this perspective we can see the life and socio-spatial relations in space or in a real environment. "The everyday life perspective is a view from below, which 'reality makes visible', offering 'new insights and possibilities for transcending the article the gap between production and reproduction and to see the existence, as a whole" (The Research Group of the New Everyday Life, 1991: 13).

Approach everyday as a more intimate approach. Understanding everyday as something intimate, familiar, and synonymous with ourselves because we are fundamentally and in everyday life itself. "The everyday was always there, and we, like anyone else, were always immersed in it" (Wigglesworth & Till, 1998: 7). Something will be familiar, intimate, and familiar as a relationship or experience that took place repeatedly and deeply, so something that becomes part and parcel of our lives may be even something that could be our identity. Because of personal experience it everyday in this case is very relative because the interpretation of each person against the same thing could be different. So, what is everyday for us is not necessarily to others everyday.

Similarly, the interpretation of the environment. Different people interpret the environment in different ways, depending on and influenced by the background (social, cultural, economic, educational, etc.) and life experience they have. Understanding of the environment around them can not occur directly, but through a complex process of interpretation, although perhaps they have long known and have long been in the neighborhood. A gradual process of adaptation will still happen as long as one is in an environment. However, naturally this process does not seem so complicated that this process flow, or occur in line with the life we live day to day and also the experience that we experience in everyday life. Through the life and activities of daily experience both spatial and social, people can recognize their environment both physical environment and nonfisiknya environment.

Despite progress in a room full of rules, it shows everyday real life with spontaneity, diversity and lack teraturan / chaos in it. The rules are there, especially not in accordance with the habit will tend to neglect even violated. Likewise with the aesthetic value that is not necessarily reflected in everyday life. This is highly related and dependent on the sense of each person against the rules and values that beauty. Therefore, the sense is born a very subjective assessment of something that would affect the classification of their everyday life of each. Disorder / chaos is what shows that the everyday concept of rationality tends to challenge.

Furthermore, whether through architecture we can design the lives of others? How do we design the lives of others? Actually, we design are not other people's lives because each person has their own habits that can not just change. What we design is a space or environment for the lives of others. After studying and understanding the everyday individual, we can estimate their needs and based on the habits and needs that we can know what can be designed for the container they live. Because we are designing for other people we already know the habits and needs, we can apply the participatory system design to be optimized when the design work is needed. By involving prospective users in the design process, what is produced will be more representative, reflecting themselves and in accordance with what they need.

Bibliography

Harris, S. and Berke, D. (Ed.) (1997). Architecture of the Everyday. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Madanipour, A. (1996). Design of Urban Space.

Miles, M. (2000). The Uses of Decoration: Essays in the Architectural Everyday. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.

Wigglesworth, S. & Till, J. (1998). The Everyday and Architecture. Architectural Design.

Ideology, Ideas, Action, artifacts: The architecture of Anthropology Studies

2010-03-10T13:12:00.000-08:00

Conducting anthropological study of the architecture will bring us to a world of new and quite exciting. New and exciting for prospective young architect who is trying to understand the world of architecture. As well as for architects who have a lot of talking concepts, techniques and applications of science, but forget to look at the concept behind the term architecture itself.
Discuss the architecture of the windows of anthropology is only one way to see the architecture of the outer orbit. By borrowing anthropological window we will see architecture as a cultural process is complete. Symptoms and culture in the architectural form is an indication that the architecture closer to the process of cultural creation.

Symptoms and the realization of Culture

According J.J. There are three Honingmann cultural phenomenon, namely ideas, activities and artifacts (in Koentjaraningrat, 2005 p. 74). Koentjaraningrat itself offers four forms of culture, namely: culture as an ideological value; culture as a system of ideas; culture as a system's behavior and actions are patterned; and culture as physical objects (artifacts) (Koentjaraningrat, 2005).

Concentric framework of Culture
Source: Koentjaraningrat (2005: 92)

Of the four offered in the form of a circle on the cultural framework, each has a tendency to form different from each other.

1. Cultural values is a philosophical or ideological phase formed as the human experience, this phase is the result of thinking that usually has a textual form expressed or implied by the norms, customs rules, folklore or art.

2. Cultural system of ideas and concepts is also a manifestation of thought. Stage of this form also has explicit and written form may form some picture or configuration.

3. Social system as being the next stage is the action in order to "realize" concept. This stage can be shaped form writing, images, or the final configuration.

4. Physical culture is a manifestation of a culture. So in this last form of culture has the most obvious form of other shapes. In this form of culture has often been the object shape, so it can be seen, touched and felt.
To help understand the architecture as a form of cultural studies can be done through the lens of the above. For that activity to the architecture must be understood as a process, the underlying ideology, concepts, methods and techniques used, until the work.

Ideology and Cultural Values
Architecture as an applied science is the convergence of various sciences estuary also become estuaries danseringkali manifestation of cultural values in society. These cultural values often appear as an ideological basis for architectural works. The emergence of "ism" at the level of ideology more accurately described as "an era in architecture" rather than "style in architecture". The emergence of the classical era of architecture, modern and postmodern indicate a difference in the formulation of the evolution of beauty ideologically.
The idea of the concept works
Elements that will always be in the process of creating "architecture" is "beauty". The beauty is always a background or tuntutandalam an "architectural masterpiece". The beauty is the idea of aesthetic form that will eventually translate into a physical work through the techniques and methods in architecture. In this form of aesthetics is an idea that appeared in a culture. Aesthetics is the second form of culture or an expression of ideas.
Actions in the Process Towards Work
In the process there were architectural stage to the creation of a "work of architecture". Process until the establishment of "architecture" requires techniques and methods that are controlled by the principals architects. The techniques or methods used to achieve a physical realization of this stage can be understood as a system of behavior or specific actions. Activities in the form of specific techniques that have been formed into the structure of the standard system in the world of architecture is the third form of architecture as a cultural or a form of action.
Artifacts in Architectural Works
"The work of architecture" as the product architecture is the physical manifestation of a significantly can be seen, touched and felt his presence in the community. This physical form, both in the scale of a single building or an artificial environment, can be understood as an artifact. An "architecture" to communicate the condition of society in which the artifact is located. Artifacts is a form of late that arise because of the ideas and actions within a culture, physical form. Culture in the physical realization of the outer part of the cultural framework of concentric circles (Koentjaraningrat, 2005).

Development of Architecture in the Cultural Value System
When viewed from the process that occurs, then the idea of an early stage of the process to other architectures. The process starts with an idea through action until it formed a physical work. So little change that occurs at this stage means that the idea will also change in the work eventually. However, the existence of the concept of aesthetics as a form of abstract ideas are always influenced by the experiences of each individual and the collective experience of particular groups experience. This experience includes: the development of power and trust a higher power; social relationship with another person or group; the expression of individual personality to the environment surrounding communities; explore the meanings that can be accepted by the environment (Mulder, 1975, in Koentjaraningrat, 2005) . Manifestation of this experience is "the formulation of the aesthetic ideology of society".

Experiences vary between individuals will make a difference in the formulation of the aesthetic form of each. In a community group, differences in the formulation of aesthetic value systems reflected in its culture. This is what will determine the emergence of various styles of architecture. The differences in architectural styles that occur between regions and time due to differences in the formulation of their respective aesthetics. Differences in the formulation of aesthetic form, and will describe the experience received by the community.
Therefore, the "architecture" in a society can be a tool to read the conditions and experience of cultural value systems within the community. Instead, the idea of setting behavior in society is the result of the dialogue and behavior as an act of design as a cultural artifact. For example, the relationship between cultural images with the architecture is the development of architectural styles in the world itself.

Case Example: Architectural Style Revolution in the Evolution of Culture
Briefly below will be exemplified by the development of various styles in the world of architecture in relation to the development of the surrounding culture.
Pre-architecture of ancient Greece are related to the condition of a rich nation with Greek mythology and art. This is shown by the function and form the main building as part of the ritual worship. Ideology of pre-culture of ancient Greece is the foundation to the formation of the concept-aesthetic value of at that time focused on the creation of the magnificent buildings and great human being as an effort to draw closer to the mythical gods of the universe.
In the development of ancient Greek architecture began to leave the stage to the stage of mythology and philosophy of science. At this time geometry becomes important in determining the shape and proportions of the building. Mathematical formula plays an important role in determining the aesthetic value of a building. The beauty of this era is implied by the use of golden section proportions and use of eye distortion effects to create the grandeur and beauty of its main buildings.
Mid-century marked by the strengthening influence of religion in society. Gothic architecture developed as a symbol of light and enlightenment of mankind. Revelation of God through the teachings of the church is an absolute ideological foundation. Human and worldly life so that all the chains tend to be directed to the interests of science church development. Developed around the philosophy of man as a sinful creature who was born to serve God. The only thing that can help people from the darkness is the light of God through the teachings of the church represented by the beauty of the play of light in buildings of gothic style.
Renaissance is the period of transition from medieval to modern times. Renaissance architecture describes the struggle out of the doctrine of the church. Organic ornaments appear as part of the beauty of the building. The light was still part of the beauty of the building, but the earthly elements also appear in the form of details beautifully. Details are in the medieval world is very limited. The appearance of this detail is based on ideology to escape from the doctrine of the church.
In general, the modern age itself is a period in which all branches of science developed very rapidly. The discovery engine, the Industrial Revolution and the discovery of new materials also led to changes in society as quickly. Thus the development of these sciences also raises a variety of styles and flows in the world of architecture itself. Minimalism, functionalism, industrialism, rationalism konstruktifisme and a description of various architectural styles that appear in this modern era. Although there are many styles of architecture, culture, community conditions that form remains in the corridor that tends humanist ideology, monotonous and rationalist from the development of science itself.
Post-modern era in general trying to escape the strict boundaries existing in the modern period. Deconstruction, simbiosisme, eclecticism, feminism and hibridisme give ideas on freedom and pluralism. Although characterized by different names or flow style, it all still refer to human liberation in the modern era bound by the strict consensus structures and a single meaning. In the post-modern era is the philosophy of structuralism to post-structuralism became the ideological basis of cultural values of society.
Western and Eastern architecture developed differently because of the experience and the development of philosophy of science, philosophy of religion and natural philosophy of each of these areas are different. In the case of the modern era of post-modern and even found a variety of architectural styles that emerged, but have the same ideological foundation. Hence the emergence of this style in the study of cultural anthropology is the only change in the two outer circles form the framework Koentjaraningrat culture, so do not touch the change in the level of ideology and concept.

Bibliography
Koentjaraningrat (2005). I. Introduction to Anthropology Rineka Notices.

Melvin, Jeremy. ... ISMS: Understanding Architectural Styles. Universe.

Surajiyo (2007). Philosophy of Science & Perkembangannya in Indonesia. Jakarta: Bumi script.

Diversity Perceptions of Architecture

2010-03-10T13:10:00.000-08:00

Lusi Beautiful W.

Architecture is a word familiar to the public. But if people understand what is architecture? And the extent of their understanding about the architecture? Tesebut questions is not an easy question to answer. This paper would not really answer all these things. This paper will discuss more about the existing differences in the community about their understanding of architecture.

Prior to the discussion of the architecture itself, I will discuss a bit about the origins of architecture. From sources that I read, the origin of architecture can be well understood if one chooses a broader view and look at the social factors of culture, in the broadest sense, is more important than climate, technology, materials and economics (Catanese & Snyder , 1991). Rapoport (in Catanese & Snyder, 1991) also revealed that architecture began as a shelter. Therefore many in the public perception that architecture is something to do with the building as a place to live.

In that book too Rapoport reveals that architecture has existed prior to the first architect, the designer usually regarded as a pyramid-shaped staircase in Egypt. From the explanation can be concluded that at the beginning of architecture is more related to the building, particularly for residential buildings that are still heavily influenced by custom, so making a lot of traditional elements to enter. Then with more advanced age, the architectural work of the many different forms. And the scope became increasingly more widespread, not only in buildings. Definition of the architecture was finally getting more complex.

In defining the architecture, it is not something easy to do. There have been many books that discuss about the topic and had a lot of debate also made to discuss it, but no one can answer with certainty what is architecture? This is because such complex architecture.
Here are some definitions of the architecture of some references:

Based on the dictionary, the word architecture (architecture), means the art and science of building a building. According to the origin of words composing it, namely Archi = head, and techton = craftsmen, then the architecture is the work of the head carpenter. Architecture can also be interpreted as an expression of desire into a medium that contains beauty.

According to O'Gorman (1997) in the ABC of Architecture, the architecture is more than just a patron. Architecture can be a form of art, but have differences, the architecture uses the arts as something important to be used as interior.

According to Le Corbusier: "architecture is the masterly, correct and magnificient play of Masses seen in light. Architecture with a capital A was an emotional and aesthetic experience ".

Some architecture definitions above show that there are many different opinions about the notion of architecture. Definition is not only done by people working in the field of architecture alone. Ordinary people who experienced the results of any architecture that has his own understanding of the architecture.

In the ordinary people, they better understand the architecture as something to do with designing buildings. Therefore, they often associate with the architectural and residential buildings. Actually they are not wrong understanding, it's just still not right, because the architecture includes many things not just designing buildings. And architecture can also be manifested in various ways, such as a symbol of architecture, architecture as a space, and so on. Would be difficult indeed for them to be able to understand the architecture with the right really, because as I mentioned in the previous paragraph, the architecture is something that complex. Even for those who engaged in the field of architecture was not necessarily able to accurately define the architecture, though perhaps they have long been in the field.

For people working in the field of architecture generally their understanding of different architecture of ordinary people. They were generally more able to look at architecture in a broader and more open. Many of those who believe that architecture is part of life, which includes everything that exists around people and close to humans. The concept is better known as the concept of Architectural Everyday. And because the architecture relate to those around and close to human life, the architecture is also associated with the space and feeling. Therefore, architecture is not always just a building, anything could have been a form of architecture, for example music. Possible for the ordinary people will be surprised when they hear it. They might ask, "why music can become part of the architecture?"

To answer that, Rasmussen (1964) Experiencing Architecture in the architecture suggests that not only can be seen and touched it, which was heard and felt a part of the architecture. Through hearing we can describe something to do with form and material. Hearing loss can affect one's feelings. In music, in which there is a rhythm that can bring a person's mood. And by listening to these rhythms appear interpretations may differ between people with each other. Interpretation that would indirectly lead to a quality space. Although the results of these interpretations are virtual, but if it is able to interpret the quality of space, is actually unconsciously we have formed a space in our subconscious. It was the same as the architecture on real buildings, in which there is room and have a quality space. Thus the music is also part of the architecture.

Besides music, there are many other things around us that are part of the architecture, either virtual or real nature. But Paul Shepheard (1999), reveals that the architecture is not everything, he says, "So when I say architecture is not everything. I mean that there are other things in life and simultaneously. I mean that there are things that are not architecture, but which fit closely round it so that they help to show it is ".

From the above statement can be known that around us there is an architecture that some are not. And both are the same, so we often difficult to distinguish between the two. Examples of traffic signs guide. Is it the form of architecture or not? Of course there will be differences of opinion about it, because there are no special provisions and must be between the two.

In the ordinary people, they generally are not considered signs architectural form. But did not rule the people working in the field of architecture there was a thought so. They assume that the signs umumya which is a sign only means that as a sign of normal. However, for some others they do not agree with this opinion. According to them the sign is part of the architecture, therefore referred to as a form of architecture. It is as expressed by Derrida's discussion of deconstruction, which is more concerned about the text discussion. According to him, text (mark) is not an independent institution, every sign pointed to other signs. And the existence of related marks and the presence of something there. In this context, these signs are signs which point to the existence of another, which eventually will form a network. And it is part of the architecture, because the architecture was not there something that can stand alone, all interconnected, and even can form a network.

As already described above, the architecture related to what is around humans and closely related to human life, whether virtual or actual. And sometimes, we are difficult to distinguish. This shows that the architecture can not be released to the things around us. This is as expressed by Wigglesworth and Till (1998), "issue of Architectural Design attempts to capture the fragility of that distorted reflection, where image and reality blur". Furthermore Wigglesworth and Till also revealed: "we explicitly acknowledge the everyday as a productive context for the making, occupation, and criticism of architecture".

Something that is a form of architecture can be is something we do not realize, but close to our lives, for example about the ugly and beauty. Many of us who regard the two as a state that exists in life, but not as a form of architecture. Apparently their view is wrong, two things are part of the architecture, more precisely to the sense. Although both cases the relative nature, but in the architectural sense of something very important. Especially when it is associated with something that will be produced by an architect.

Of all the above discussion shows that the architecture is something that complex, starting from their origins to the definition. And subjectivity in architecture has become something that often happens. Even in the definition of the architecture itself is too subjective view of each person is important, therefore it is difficult to be really mendefinsikan architecture. And as noted, too, the architecture does have a fairly strong connection with human life. And it is rarely recognized by us, so normal that many who think that merely designing architecture of the building, while outside it was not a form of architecture. Therefore, we need open-minded if you want to understand the architecture well.

Bibliography
Catanese, A. J. & Snyder, J. C. (1991). Introduction to Architecture. Jakarta: publisher

O'Gorman, J. F. (1997). ABC of Architecture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Rasmussen, S. E. (1964). Experiencing Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Shepheard, P. (1999). What is Architecture? Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Wigglesworth, S. & Till, J. (1998). The Everyday and Architecture. Architectural Design.

Ideal town for 'Today'

2010-03-10T13:06:00.000-08:00

Kristanti Dewi P.

"To change life, we must first change space ..." (Henri Lefebvre)

Definition of the ideal city is the beginning of a long search. Plato defined it as a reflection of life in the universe is based on human relationships with each other (London, 2000). Furthermore, he also defined it as a form of social organization that facilitate the political and citizens to develop their potential and live together in accordance with humanitarian values and truth (London, 2000). Even the beginning of the formation of the town was derived from human group gathered in one place and settles on a goal (Wikipedia, 2007) so it can be seen from the above description, that there are some very influential elements in the definition of the city, the Man and the space.

A city is a place, that where the people in them to identify themselves with the location. A city is a collection of places that have a variety of markers and their respective memories. Deleuze (2000) states that "... to learn is to remember, and learning is essentially Concerned with signs ...". When people learn, he will digest markers from the environment and constantly remember. This may explain why humans can have a close bond with his native region, having learned to remember in a range long enough.
City became a memory because it is a collection of containers of human basic life functions of the recording cycle and the human life cycle. City is where we live and bertinggal, where we work or study, even the city is where we play. In accordance with Plato's statement above, it can be concluded that the ideal city is a city that can provide the best place for its citizens, to carry out basic functions of life such as those mentioned above.

In berkota life, was not released in it teknologi.Hal use it is because a city is connected by all the infrastructure (the United Nations Cyberschoolbus, 2007) such as roads, drainage and clean water. The existence of such infrastructure is supported by the technological achievements, so they were able to meet the needs of its citizens live better collectively.

Constituent elements of the city, like humans, living room, and memories of these support technologies or elements of nature are always growing. There is always the human population, the development of cultural currents that increase the collection of memories and also affect the human living space, and of course supporters of technological progress. This is in accordance with the following statement: "As the city grows, its organization becomes more complex (and, of course, more expensive). The needs and demands of citizens change ... "(United Nations Cyberschoolbus, 2007)

Why is stated that the needs and demands of the population changed? This is because there are changes in environmental conditions and changes in the public mindset due to the cultural heterogennya supported by technological advances. Culture that shaped today's society and had been much different because of the development of elements mentioned above, and it was very influential to the changing shape of the city because the city followed the development of community culture or its citizens.

In thinking of a city, one of the most important part is that there is a place (place) by geographic boundaries. For the understanding of 'now', this restriction is actually visible permanent nature, but psychologically may become more assimilated and vague (blur) in nature.

Expansion of the reach of communications technology and infrastructure to accommodate the movement enables humans to go to a more remote and still be able to communicate to anyone who wants. Form of communication is no longer local, but rather lead to a global communications.

This allows the expansion of the city and at the same time berkehidupan change bentukannya, according to the statement of Abel (2004) that "... new technologies and Decentralized patterns of production and consumption are reinforcing the same trend, making it possible to live and work in smaller communities and at the same time to communicate more easily over large distances ... "

Can be concluded that the development of constituent elements can change the pattern of urban, from the initial focus (Centralized) to spread (Decentralized). Changing patterns of urban and development of constituent elements of this city also has an effect to something other than the city limits, the movement of the city (city movement). The influence of technological developments challenge the movement of citizens both physically and non-physical. This is important for berkota life, because I enjoyed the experience berkota 'now' is best experienced while moving, so that they can enjoy and feel the collection of memories that are composed by elements of the function to support human life, whether through buildings, nature, and infrastructure, the three then integrated to form an experience in an urban space, which according to the statement below:

…represents the spatial patterns of the physical elements that cities consist of. These elements belong to the following three categories: ‘networks’ – e.g. transportation networks for people, goods, water, energy and information -, ‘buildings’ – including residential, commercial and industrial buildings -, and ‘open space’ – such as parks, gardens, places and courtyards…” (Lorenz, 2003)

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that there are at least two very important things to search for the ideal definition of 'now', ie berkehidupan the city limits (not in the visible or physiological, but a psychological experience), and berkota movement. As mentioned above, two things were very influenced by human development, the human life, cultural and technological developments are also interconnected with each other and form an ideal form of 'now'.

Geometrically, interesting that the form [form] the ideal city 'now' is based on the formation of a dynamic, because on the growth process kota.Dalam elements pem'bentuk'an city, there is interaction between elements of the city, which is very unique to each other, thus forming an organic form [organic form] (Lorenz, 2003), different grid formation like Le Corbusier designed for Chandigarh that is very regular.

This organic form of one of them came because of the movement influenced the expansion of coverage in berkota life, the character grows and spreads, rather than locked in a rigid boundaries. Cities are also formed and grow because of the relationship and interaction between elements that have been mentioned earlier, the network infrastructure; buildings and open space, which in the context of 'now' relationships and interactions are continuously expanding and creating space for the life of an entirely new, either physically and psychologically. Even the structural and hierarchical formation of the city, is an ideal form for function and generalize the existing rules so that all parts function well in the same level and have the uniqueness of each, according to the respective environment (Lorenz, 2003).

Organic form as the formation of an ideal city 'now' is a fulfillment of what is best for the pattern of community life 'now', where the movement is very important that the fulfillment of a collection of experiences in living memory function and life berkota currently only be met by moving (moving).

Reference
Abel, Chris (2004). Architecture, Technology, and Process. Oxford: Architectural Press.

De Certeau, Michel (2002). The Practice of Everyday Life.

Deleuze, Gilles (2000). Proust and Signs, The Complete Text. London: The Athlone Press.

London, Scott (2000). The Ideal City, (online), http://www.scottlondon.com/articles/idealcity.html

Lorenz, Wolfgang E. (2003). Fractals and Fractal Architecture (online), http://www.iemar.tuwien.ac.at/fractal_architecture/subpages/ 62Cityplanning.html # Cities% 20and% 20Fractal% 20Geometry

United Nations Cyberschoolbus (2007). Habitat: The Ideal City (online), http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/habitat/ideal/ideal.asp

Wikipedia

Office Space Renovation

2010-03-10T13:05:00.000-08:00

Renovation of the office work is usually carried out in accordance with the needs of the company, whether there is expansion of the organization, streamlining the organization, the conditions are no longer feasible or other considerations. Renovation can be done by changing the layout of the room, change dimensions and work station partitions the study.

The cost to renovate the office workspace if it is done by changing the partition will study cost more than if the only changes to the work station office. Because if we change the room divider partition element is arising to replace with a new partition (usually long patisi can no longer be used), finishing back wall and floor finishing replace if you use carpet because the carpet is usually installed after the partition so that the carpet will be cut to form the pattern of partitioning .

To get the results and the optimal cost, it is good to consult this or office interior designer office interior contractor to comply with expectations.

For those of you who never get a job offer that fit out office located in a private place, shop or office, then fit out contractor working in an office building will look more expensive. Why?

Office fit out job usually consists of a job ceiling, partitions, floors, mechanical, electrical, and furniture. In the office building contractors usually work should only be done after business hours, which begin at 6 pm to 8 am, except holidays that can be started from 8 o'clock in the morning.

Raw materials used for renovation work fit out the office, cost the same as that prevailing in the market but other elements of costs would be high spending, if the labor hours worked from 6 pm to 8 am will be counted 3 days, and other supporting operating expenses are usually also provided by the employer in the form of coffee, Morocco and others, the cost of building parking, loading matrial costs, cleaning costs, security costs and other operational costs. This cost element is one of them entered into the unit cost per unit of work. So that the unit price of the work unit will be more expensive than if the work was done in a private place or shop.

Work Space Layout Design Based on the Zone or Area

2010-03-10T13:01:00.000-08:00

One of the things that must be considered in designing the layout of the office's study is based penataletakan work zones or areas. Where office space is usually divided into 3 zones, namely public zone, zone of semi-public and private zones.

Which includes categories of public zone is usually the front office, where all people can access the site. In this public zone where the receptionist there, where the general reception area, company description and product display tags that describe the products or services sold by the company. Usually this place is processed in such a way that provides "image" a good and interesting about these companies. In general diperkantoran public zone is also used as the only access in and out of employees who work (except when used wide office or can be made a separate access to and out of the people who work in it) and it also can indirectly affect the work performance of employees . how did this happen? The simple logic can be taken for example "supermarket", why did they put the fruit and fresh bread fragrant entrance at the supermarket? it is deliberately designed to create an atmosphere of "freshness" and feeling "happy" as people enter the supermarket. Expected to feel "happy" that can create an atmosphere of relaxation for them so they would be happy to go shopping. Similarly, if public space is also used to enter employee access, with "fresh air" that created so they want to enter the work area is expected to create good atmosphere at the time wanted to start a job. With the start of a job with a happy mood is expected work will also be obtained with good results. So it is good public areas are designed with a "maximum" to be useful for people who work in it and create "corporate image" is good for those who visit.

Category of semi-public zone is an area where this place is used as a place of transition between the public zone with a private zone. Usually in this zone there are small meeting rooms, large meeting room, cashier, and other space (depending on the type of business carried on) is associated with the outside of the company. Small meeting room is usually used to receive guests in a small amount or guests who have an interest in the company staff. Large meeting room used for meetings with the participants a greater or may be used as an internal corporate meeting room. Cashier space is used as a place of financial transactions with external parties and for large companies usually also have room general administration, correspondence and other documents as required.

Category of private zone is a place that is used for internal needs. Private zone is also known as the term "back office". Usually in this zone there is room employee, pantry or dining room, mosque, file storage, warehouse, equipment and working tools as well as other rooms depending on the needs of the company. In designing this study to be effective and efficient so that the operation of the people who work in it and do not forget to design the interior space for a good working space can improve employee performance.

Additional functions without wires (wireless) and fax

2010-03-10T13:00:00.000-08:00

With the wireless feature, users can print directly from any document in the office, optimize space and reduce the need for diverse sources of connectivity and cable clutter. Connectivity varied in the study with a printer can save on operational costs.

Key features of the other new MFP is the ability of Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) up to 30 sheets, allowing users to fax, copy and scan color documents or to black and white in a short time. Printers and fax viewer friendly features (screen display) 2.5-inch LCD can be tilted so that users can view and adjust the fax settings with ease.

Users will be grateful to the speed dial function and speed up to 33.6kbps fax, users Epson Stylus ™ Office TX600FW can enjoy the speed and ease of sending faxes. With the memory storage up to 180 pages, users will enjoy the holiday without having to think about the incoming fax to the office!

Adding functionality with wireless connectivity (wireless)

2010-03-10T12:59:00.000-08:00

With wireless connectivity features, users Epson Stylus Office T40W ™ can print documents anywhere in the office. Users can print freely used computers or wireless laptops. It also can enjoy the ease of sharing a printer, thus reducing the need for diverse sources of connectivity.

Ink Epson DURABrite ™ Ultra quick-drying to make sure users get laser-quality text and stunning color on plain paper or photo paper. The ability of anti fade and water resistant is very important for businesses to keep documents from liquid spills. At the same time, print head technology, Epson Micro droplet PIEZO ™ guarantee is out, to produce high-quality prints without excessive maintenance. Epson ™ PIEZO technology can minimize the risk of decreased ability to.
Epson Stylus Office T40W ™ also has features such as the economic INKdividual ™ cartridge system. Equipped with a series of black ink cartridge is the latest large capacity, this printer can compete with laser printers in terms of operational costs and reduce the problem of changing the frequency of ink cartridges.

Epson Stylus Office TX300F ™ combines print speeds and quality printouts of text sharpness of a laser printer with color quality and media flexibility of inkjet printers.

Javascript Injection

2010-03-10T12:46:00.000-08:00

Javascript is not as famous as the injection memeang php injection, but sometimes this method is needed. In this article will be discussed briefly about how to do a simple javascript injection.

Javascript injection to make it easier when using the Opera browser, because this browser has a feature-complete feature for business "so" = P

* Displays and writes a cookie

Sometimes a website to make it with javascript cookies, ever to see these cookies without a browser utilizing the facility, we can use these commands in the url-javascript: alert (document.cookie); (..)` command `alert above is used to display a A popup box containing a cookie that is on the website.

while to change the cookie, we can use the command-javascript: void (document.cookie = "...");

* I like the above can also be used to change or display the existing value in the form

example

show

- Javascript: alert (document.contoh.pass.value);

change

- Javascript: void (document.contoh.pass.value = "345");

If you use Opera browser, all this can be done easily. Simply view the source of the web and then write javascript that you want to run on after the tag and select apply changes.

example

1. you want to change the cookie from a website, write to the tag

2. you want to change the value of the field on a form like the example above

3. you want to change the referrer

After the Apply changes, then you have a target site in a state run javascript that you have input earlier.

yup, it briefly the basics of javascript injection. If interested in further you can go looking for references from uncle google .. ^ ^

Step Creating Effective Keyword

2010-03-10T12:45:00.000-08:00

Five Steps To Make Effective Keyword

Use the tool below:

Overture Keyword Selector Tool (Free):

http://inventory.overture.com/d/searchinventory/suggestion/

Overture but to show how competitive keyword type, he also displays a combination of keyword phrases related to this match to find the level of competition "Niche Market"

Rieset keyword is something very vital aspect of a planning Optimizaton Search Engine. If a site does not install the appropriate keywords, then search engines will not find your website and will customerpun not find it.

Be careful guise of hacker paypal fraud

2010-03-10T12:43:00.000-08:00

If you never open or read an article about the hack paypal, be careful with fraud under the guise of the script as below. This script is only confusing you so that you write down your account and password and you will send your account and password to the email addressed.

Examples of the script as follows (please read thoroughly):

The hacking process has been simplified a while ago and it was revealed on a Russian language hacking website. PayPal was immediately alerted of this security flaw after the Russian language hacking tutorial was published on the website, but in order to prevent its customers from losing trust in internet banking, PayPal chose NOT to alert its customers of this security flaw and has then secretly BANNED numerous online articles that contained information of this security flaw. However, it has been confirmed that due to technical difficulty, PayPal has NOT yet fixed the problem and at this moment right now, anyone can STILL hack into a great number of PayPal accounts with confirmed addresses.
To inform users worldwide of this problem, I’ve attached an English version of the hacking process. Remember, to get the whole thing to work, you MUST STRICTLY follow the instructions and have a PayPal account with a confirmed mailing address!
HACKING PROCESS: Every PayPal member is identified by his/her Email and the majority of the PayPal members use Yahoo or Hotmail. After completion of the mailing address confirmation process, usually by adding a CREDIT CARD, PayPal automatically sends the user’s address confirmation info to a mailerbot associated with the user’s Email, in most cases, it’s either a Yahoo mailerbot or Hotmail mailerbot. The security flaw occurs RIGHT HERE! Both Yahoo and Hotmail mailerbots can be confused by a random user and sends out information saved on its server to that user.

To get PayPal account information of numerous random PayPal users from a Yahoo or Hotmail mailerbot, you have to do the following:

1) Log into your www.paypal.com homepage, and click on “Profile”, and then click on “Street Address” under “Account Information”.

2) Find the Address whose status is “Home”, and if it says “confirmed”, then please read on. Basically, A Confirmed Address is any address at which you receive your credit card statement. If you receive a credit card bill at this address, you can confirm it by entering your credit card information. This information will only be used to confirm your address. Your card will not be charged by PayPal. So, if your Home address is NOT confirmed, then FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ON PAYPAL AND ADD A CREDIT CARD TO CONFIRM YOUR MAILING ADDRESS.

3) Okay, There are two bots which this will work for. I. If you want account with Yahoo email, then: Log in to your paypal email account and send an Email to: paypalpass_access@yahoo.com (This is the Yahoo mailerbot described above) In the subject line, write: 0yah3534paypal78verif-0e24 (To confuse the Yahoo mailerbot)

In the email body, please write exactly 11 lines, which MUST BE as follows:

In line 1: Content-Type: text/plain;

In line 2: charset=us-ascii (To make the reply readable)

In line 3: address000%%confirmation0e24.yahoo.com (To confuse the mailerbot)

In line 4: p38ylec00rm::s%%http://www.paypal.com%% (To make the mailerbot start retrieving information acquired from PayPal.)

In line 5: Your primary email at paypal then coma then the password of this e mail account (To retrieve information from PayPal, The mailerbot now needs an Email which is the primary Email of a PayPal account with a confirmed mailing address, you have to use your own Email as a bait Email and you’ll need to receive info of other accounts from this Email too, so be sure this is your primary Email at PayPal.)

In line 6: start (retrieve > 0) (To activate the mailerbot’s retrieval function)

In line 7: verified (*value= = float) (To continue the mailerbot’s retrieval function)

In line 8: Your PayPal password (Now you have to enter your paypal password, as the yahoo mailerbot was programmed in a way that it sends testing info to PayPal who’ll verify each account’s password and confirm it with the Yahoo mailerbot. So in line 8, you have to enter your valid/correct password of your PayPal account.)

In line 9: #searchmsgend72hr (To search for info of PayPal members who had their addresses confirmed in the last 72 hours)

In line 10 send&&idR20034-tsa-0583 (This will make the mailerbot send all the info to your email)

In line 11 #endofmsg (Last step!) Note: Please STRICTLY follow the instruction above and you’ll be guaranteed to get an automatic reply from the confused Yahoo mailerbot! Then you’ll have email, password and all sorts of information of PayPal users who had their mailing addresses confirmed over the last 72 hours.

II.If you want account with hotmail email. Log into your paypal email account and send an Email to: paypalpass_access@hotmail.com (This is the hotmail mailerbot that deals with PayPal hotmail registration) The hotmail mailerbot was programmed in a very similar way to the yahoo one, however, they’re NOT the same. So you have to strictly follow the instructions below to get it to work.

In the subject line, write: 8hot34mail%%tqui3-paypal-35fe2 (This is how you confuse the Hotmail mailerbot)

In the email body, you have to write 14 lines which must be exactly the same as below:

In line 1: Content-Type: text/plain;

In line 2: charset=us-ascii (To make the reply readable)

In line 3: Lang-set%%eng (To set the language to English)

In line 4: server&&bot::www.paypal.com%%hotmail%%registry (To confuse the hotmail mailerbot.)

In line 5: p35sqelmms::s%%http://www.paypal.com%% (To make the mailerbot start retrieving information acquired from PayPal.)

In line 6: Your primary email at paypal then coma then the password of this e mail account(To retrieve information from PayPal, The hotmail mailerbot now needs an Email which is the primary Email of a PayPal account with a confirmed mailing address, you have to use your own hotmail Email as a bait Email and you’ll need to receive info of other accounts from this Email too, so be sure this is your primary Email at PayPal.)

In line 7: /start*a-z%%retrieval/ (To activate the mailerbot’s retrieval function)

In line 8: verified (*value= = float) (To continue the mailerbot’s retrieval function)

In line 9: Your PayPal password (Now you have to enter your paypal password, as the Hotmail mailerbot was programmed in a way that it sends testing info to PayPal who’ll verify each account’s password and confirm it with the Hotmail mailerbot. So now you have to enter your valid/correct password of your PayPal account.)

In line 10: #searchmsgend72hr (To search f
or info of PayPal members who had their addresses confirmed in the last 72 hours)

In line 11: #searchend (To finish the search on the server)

In line 12: deliver&&return-path<*> (This will make the Hotmail mailerbot send all the info to your email)

In line 13: #endif (Last step) Note: Please STRICTLY follow the instruction above and you’ll be guaranteed to get an automatic reply from the confused Hotmail mailerbot! Then you’ll have email, password and all sorts of information of PayPal users who had their mailing addresses confirmed over the last 72 hours.

REMINDER: Above is the complete tutorial of hacking into PayPal accounts, and here is a reminder of the most important things mentioned above.
1) You must have a confirmed mailing address in your own PayPal account to get the whole thing to work, otherwise neither the yahoo nor hotmail mailerbot will be confused by your code and hence the hacking will fail. You can confirm your mailing address by adding a CREDIT CARD on PayPal.
2) By strictly following the instructions in this tutorial, you’ll have unlimited access to various PayPal accounts, however, YOU MUST USE THEM AT YOUR OWN RISK! YOU MUST BE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR ACTIONS.
3) PayPal will be expected to fix this security flaw in their server very soon, so this ONLY works BEFORE they fix this flaw. TAKE YOUR ACTION FAST, IF YOU DECIDE TO DO IT.
4) For security issues, please remember that any site that does not start with www.paypal.com is NOT a real paypal website, please confirm your mailing address ONLY at www.paypal.com so that you can succeed in hacking

SEO (Search Eengine Optimization)

2010-03-10T12:39:00.000-08:00

Great Method of Interest Visitor Your Website

One important element in attracting visitors to the website is Eengine Search Optimization or SEO abbreviated. By using the stance of the SEO, blogger / company that has a website will get the ease of their website traffic increase.

Search Engine Optimization is very important if you want to succeed in the Internet world. We must set the main goal of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) itself. SEO is very simple goal is attract new visitors to your site, create a web became easy to find by? Visitors right? and try to reconcile the prospect of what we offer.

SEO is not a way we can in the list for all possible keywords. Many people attempt to get search engine ranking high for keywords as much as possible. This is not just a job very much, but also a waste of time.

Listings for keywords as much as possible is not something important. What is important is your website to be on the list the right keywords and? Change? your website visitors into buyers.

So how you can improve SEO results?

Make sure the Web. This is the most important step. If you have a web that does not appeal to your target audience, then you do not have much trouble getting visitors. Your website must be designed so that visitors will become buyers. You have to build trust, assuring visitors and quite easy to use.

Find the right keywords. Find the best keywords for you. Try Pay-Per-Click is offered by Google and Yahoo, to find the right keywords for your site. Watch and monitor, good keywords, by using the tools provided by Google and Yahoo.

Setting Dial Up Internet using GSM and CDMA operators (Indonesia)

2010-03-10T12:31:00.000-08:00

Telkomsel Flash - Hello / Simpati / As
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name:
Password:
Access Point: FLASH
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "flash"

Telkomsel GPRS - Halo / Simpati / As (Data)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name: wap
Password: wap123
Access Point: TELKOMSEL
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "internet"

Indosat - Matrix - (Data)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name:
Password:
Access Point: www.satelindogprs.com
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "www.satelindogprs.com"

Indosat - Mentari - (Data)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name: indosat
Password: indosat
Access Point: www.satelindogprs.com
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "www.satelindogprs.com"

Indosat - IM3 - (Data)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name: gprs
Password: im3
Access Point: www.indosat-m3.net
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "www.indosat-m3.net"

Indosat - IM3 - (Time Based)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name: indosat @ duration
Password: indosat @ duration
Access Point: www.indosat-m3.net
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "www.indosat-m3.net"

XL - Xplor (Data)
Dial Up Number: * 99 *** 1 #
User Name: xlgprs
Password: proxl
Access Point: www.xlgprs.net
Extra Setting: at + CGDCONT = 1, "IP", "www.xlgprs.net"

Telkom Flexi - Classy / Trendy (Data)
Dial Up Number: # 777
User Name: telkomnet @ flexi
Password: telkom
Access Point:
Extra Setting: at + crm = 1

Telkom Flexi - Classy / Trendy (Left)
Dial Up Number: 080989999
User Name: telkomnet @ instant
Password: telkom
Access Point:
Extra Setting: at + crm = 0

Mobile 8 - Fren
Dial Up Number: # 777
User Name: m8
Password: m8
Access Point:
Extra Settings:

Starone
Dial Up Number: # 777
User Name: starone
Password: indosat
Access Point:
Extra Settings:

Esia (Time Based)
Dial Up Number: # 777
User Name: esia
Password: esia
Access Point:
Extra Settings:

Tips and Tricks Speed Internet Access

2010-03-10T12:21:00.000-08:00

When you are browsing or opening a website on the Internet either from Internet cafés or from home, you may complain to the slow access to display the website. Yet Internet access in Indonesia today is still comparatively expensive. Actually there are easy ways to improve your dorm access speed without having to pay higher fees. Some of them are in setting our browsers, use OpenDNS, and use Google Web Accelerator.

To apply these tricks very easily. The first way is menyetting browser users can be done by Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. For Internet Explorer users click the menu [Tools] [Internet Options], click the [General]. In the option "Temperory Internet files", click [Settings] and his Drag the slider. It was to create a cache (temporary storage location) for your web open, otherwise provided approximately 5% of the hard disk.

For Mozilla Firefox users you can type "about: config" into the address bar. after the change "network.http.pipelining" and "network.http.proxy pipelining" to "true", and the contents "network.http.pipelining.maxrequests" between 30 -100 (faster growing). The last right-click anywhere and select New-> Integer, write "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" then fill in with 0.

For the second trick, you first need to register in www.openDNS.com. After that go to the Control Panel from the Start menu, select network connections and select your connection and click the Properties button. On the Internet you can select the protocol TCP / IP and click Properties. Enter the 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220 on control options and restart your computer. After doing the above 2 tips you'll now have speeds faster access. For those still not satisfied with its access speed is now able to use tricks to three of Google's Web Accelerator. Google Web Accelerator specifically designed to speed up your internet access, especially those who use a broadband connection (broadband) such as Cable and DSL. To you who use other connections such as Dial-up (Telkomnet Instant or Speedy) or satellite or wave, Google Web Accelerator can speed up access.

To use Google Web Accelerator you must meet criteria including your Operating System must be Windows XP or Windows 2000 and your browser must be Internet Explorer 5.5 + or Mozilla Firefox 1.0 +. If for any other browser really can, but you have to configure the proxy settings of your browser by adding the HTTP 127.0.0.1:9100. After you do the installation, Google Web Accelerator will display a small icon on your browser and the icon tray at the bottom corner of the screen. You can download the Google Web Accelerator in http://webaccelerator.google.com.

Verifying Paypal if you do not have credit card

2010-03-10T12:15:00.000-08:00

If you do not have a Credit card, you can buy a Prepaid debit card, or Virtual Credit/Visa Card to verify paypal. You also can get a MasterDebit Card from Reviewme.com or other affiliate program which offer Payoneer Masterdebit Card and load funds and then verify paypal. But remember that in case you account gets limited you are of nowhere. Because neither Payoneer will provide you with Statement nor ReviewMe.

There is really only one way to verify your paypal account and that is in accordance to what Paypal require you to use. If you are from the US, Australia, Germany and the UK, you probably can use a local bank account to verify otherwise you would need to use a credit card to complete the process. There is no other alternative method to use.

If you do not have a credit card then go to your local bank and go apply for one because you most definitely need one in order to make purchases online. The only true method of online buying is by using a credit card. It has been like that and it probably would be like that for the foreseeable future. It does not matter if you do not want to spend anything and all you want is to receive money, you need a credit card.

Your Computer Can Earn You Money!!!

2010-03-10T11:25:00.000-08:00

Earn Cash Every Time You Are Online!

Sound too good to be true? It’s not. You can earn cash for every minute your PC is on and connected to the Internet. By running the Gomez PEER, you will also help us provide the most realistic picture of Web performance.

The Gomez software is completely private and secure and has no noticeable impact on how your computer runs or how much bandwidth you consume.

To be eligible, you must meet certain program requirements, then download and install the Gomez PEER. It’s as simple as that.

What exactly is the “PEER”?

The Gomez PEER is a secure, Java-based application that runs in the background of your PC. You may even forget it’s there, because it will not disrupt the way you use your computer.

Using advanced, peer-to-peer distributed computing technology, the Gomez PEER combines the spare capacity of PCs around the world to measure the performance of Web sites. After you install the Gomez PEER, it will periodically communicate with Gomez servers via the Internet, signal that it’s available for work, and request a work unit. And you will be credited for your online time and work processed approximately every 15 minutes that the application is running.

Based on your computer’s characteristics (Internet connection type, geographic location and Internet service provider), your PC will receive instructions to autonomously test the performance of Web sites — gathering important metrics that help identify network bottlenecks and performance problems. All of this happens “behind the scenes,” even when you’re away from your PC or asleep. Finally, your PC will send its results back to Gomez, where they are added to the work of thousands of other PCs around the world.

This is the program look like…

This is not a HYIP or PTC. A program can make you money for free. You just need online with your own computer and run this program wih use your own login username and set your connection.

You can earn money while surfing the internet, while open facebook, and much activity using the internet. The program just help the administrator’s work using your computer which connected with internet connection and calculate the program is online. Thats all, you will earn money.

This will you get when your program is activated
Online Time (min) : 0.08 >>>>your program online
Processing Time (min) :0.02 >>>>your computer work per 15 min
Earnings:…. >>>>your earnings
Earnings Closing Date : …. >>>>payment closing date (min $5 per mont)

You’ll get paid on your paypall

Simple. Just download the program, instal it, then make money when you are sleep.

REMEMBER…..
Your computer can earn you money when you are sleep. To join click here